Formal Comment on “Mitigation of endemic GI-tract pathogen-mediated inflammation through development of multimodal treatment regimen and its impact on SIV acquisition in rhesus macaques” by Bochart et al. (2021)

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) remains a significant problem for human and animal health and can negatively affect the health status of macaques and other nonhuman primates (NHP) in research colonies. However, few publications provide guidance on the prevalence, genotype, or risk factors for macaques with MRSA and even fewer on how to effectively respond to MRSA once identified in a population. After having a clinical case of MRSA in a rhesus macaque, we sought to determine the MRSA carrier prevalence, risk factors, and genotypes of MRSA in a population of research NHPs. Over a 6-wk period in 2015, we collected nasal swabs from 298 NHPs. MRSA was isolated from 28% (n = 83). We then reviewed each macaque’s medical record for a variety of variables including animal housing room, sex, age, number of antibiotic courses, number of surgical interventions, and SIV status. Analysis of these data suggests that MRSA carriage is associated with the room location, age of the animal, SIV status, and the number of antibiotic courses. We used multilocus sequence typing and spa typing on a subset of MRSA and MSSA isolates to determine whether the MRSA present in NHPs was comparable with common human strains. Two MRSA sequence types were predominant: ST188 and a novel MRSA genotype, neither of which is a common human isolate in the United States. We subsequently implemented antimicrobial stewardship practices (significantly reducing antimicrobial use) and then resampled the colony in 2018 and found that MRSA carriage had fallen to 9% (26/285). These data suggest that, as in humans, macaques may have a high carrier status of MRSA despite low clinically apparent disease. Implementing strategic antimicrobial stewardship practices resulted in a marked reduction in MRSA carriage in the NHP colony, highlighting the importance of limiting antimicrobial use when possible.

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Bacterial Genotype, Carrier Risk Factors, and an Antimicrobial Stewardship Approach Relevant To Methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus AureusPrevalence in a Population of Macaques Housed in a Research Facility

Breed

Perez

Otto

et al. 2023

comp med

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Formal Comment on “Mitigation of endemic GI-tract pathogen-mediated inflammation through development of multimodal treatment regimen and its impact on SIV acquisition in rhesus macaques” by Bochart et al. (2021)

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References 13 publications

Bacterial Genotype, Carrier Risk Factors, and an Antimicrobial Stewardship Approach Relevant To Methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus AureusPrevalence in a Population of Macaques Housed in a Research Facility

Bacterial Genotype, Carrier Risk Factors, and an Antimicrobial Stewardship Approach Relevant To Methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus AureusPrevalence in a Population of Macaques Housed in a Research Facility

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