Formalin-Free Fixatives

Dotti, Isabella; Bonin, Serena; Basili, Giorgio; Faoro, Valentina

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-17890-0_3

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 44 publications

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“…Most available formalin substitutes are alcohol solutions; therefore, fixation is based on dehydration and protein coagulation. 51,83,198 Weigners fixative, a mixture of alcohols and pickling salt, appears to be superior to formaldehyde for DNA and RNA studies, performed comparably to formaldehyde for IHC, and maintained immunoreactivity for some biomarkers after prolonged fixation when formaldehyde did not. 193 Carnoy’s fixative, a mixture of alcohol–chloroform–acetic acid, was superior to formalin for IHC detection of some antigens without antigen retrieval in tissue-engineered constructs.…”

Section: Preanalytical Phase Of Ihcmentioning

confidence: 98%

When Tissue Antigens and Antibodies Get Along

2013

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Once focused mainly on the characterization of neoplasms, immunohistochemistry (IHC) today is used in the investigation of a broad range of disease processes with applications in diagnosis, prognostication, therapeutic decisions to tailor treatment to an individual patient, and investigations into the pathogenesis of disease. This review addresses the technical aspects of immunohistochemistry (and, to a lesser extent, immunocytochemistry) with attention to the antigen-antibody reaction, optimal fixation techniques, tissue processing considerations, antigen retrieval methods, detection systems, selection and use of an autostainer, standardization and validation of IHC tests, preparation of proper tissue and reagent controls, tissue microarrays and other high-throughput systems, quality assurance/quality control measures, interpretation of the IHC reaction, and reporting of results. It is now more important than ever, with these sophisticated applications, to standardize the entire IHC process from tissue collection through interpretation and reporting to minimize variability among laboratories and to facilitate quantification and interlaboratory comparison of IHC results.

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Section: Preanalytical Phase Of Ihcmentioning

confidence: 98%

When Tissue Antigens and Antibodies Get Along

2013

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Immunohistochemistry

Ramos‐Vara

Borst

2016

Tumors in Domestic Animals

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KRAS mutation testing in colorectal cancer as an example of the pathologist’s role in personalized targeted therapy: a practical approach

Domagała

Hybiak²,

Sulżyc-Bielicka³

et al. 2012

pjp

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Identifying targets for personalized targeted therapy is the pathologist's domain and a treasure. For decades, pathologists have had to learn, understand, adopt and implement many new laboratory techniques as they arrived on the scene. Pathologists successfully integrate the results of those tests into final pathology reports that were, and still are, the basis of clinical therapeutic decisions. The molecular methods are different but no more difficult to comprehend in the era of "kit procedures". In recent years, the development of targeted therapies has influenced routine practices in pathology laboratories because the use of molecular techniques is required to include clinically useful predictive information in the pathology report. Pathologists have the knowledge and expertise to identify particular gene mutations using the appropriate molecular tests currently available. This review focuses on the most important recent developments in KRAS mutation testing in metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC), and shows that a pathologist is involved in 10 stages of this procedure. Recent studies have shown that highly sensitive, simple, reliable and rapid assays may significantly improve the identification of CRC patients resistant to anti-EGFR therapy. Thus, direct sequencing does not seem to be an optimal procedure of KRAS testing for clinical purposes. Twelve currently available high-sensitivity diagnostic assays (with the CE-IVD mark) for KRAS mutation testing are briefly described and compared. The suggested pathology report content for somatic mutation tests is described. In conclusion, evidence is presented that sending away paraffin blocks with tumor tissue for KRAS mutation testing may not be in the best interest of patients. Instead, an evidence-based approach indicates that KRAS mutation testing should be performed in pathology departments, only with the use of CE-IVD/FDA-approved KRAS tests, and with the obligatory, periodic participation in the KRAS EQA scheme organized by the European Society of Pathology as an independent international body.

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Formalin-Free Fixatives

Cited by 3 publications

References 44 publications

When Tissue Antigens and Antibodies Get Along

When Tissue Antigens and Antibodies Get Along

Immunohistochemistry

KRAS mutation testing in colorectal cancer as an example of the pathologist’s role in personalized targeted therapy: a practical approach

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