Formation and Evolution of Non-metallic Inclusions in Ti-Bearing Al-Killed Steel During Secondary Refining Process

Deng, Zhiyin; Chen, Lei; Song, Guodong; Zhu, Miaoyong

doi:10.1007/s11663-019-01728-4

Cited by 22 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Inclusions In the case of mechanism (i), the generation of dissolved Mg in steel holds the key of the formation of singular spinel inclusions. Many publications [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] indicated that dissolved Mg is supplied by the reduction of MgO in slag and refractory. The formation of dissolved Mg will be discussed in detail in the following section.…”

Section: Formation Of Spinel Inclusions From Aluminamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent two decades, many publications 10,15,[17][18][19][23][24][25][26]37) reported that the existence of Ca in liquid steel would cause the transformation of spinel inclusions into calcium aluminate inclusions. In 2006, the laboratory experiments done by Kang et al 65) directly proved that spinel phase would transform into calcium aluminates with the effect of Ca, as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Effect Of Camentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the past decades, a lot of studies [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] were carried out to understand the formation of spinel inclusions. Generally, researchers believed that the spinel inclusions in steel were generated from the reaction between alumina inclusions and dissolved Mg in liquid steel; while in 2010 and 2012, Park et al 4) and Yang et al 19) summarized the formation mechanism, respectively, and different formation mechanisms were proposed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To avoid the disadvantages of spinel inclusions, countermeasures to prevent spinel inclusions are considered, and the use of Ca is believed as an efficient measure. In industrial practice, 10,15,17) it is found that alumina inclusions generally transform into MgO•Al 2 O 3 spinel inclusions in the beginning, and then transform into calcium aluminate inclusions in Al-killed steel grades. Many publications 15,[17][18][19][22][23][24][25][26] investigated the modification of spinel inclusions using Ca.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In industrial practice, 10,15,17) it is found that alumina inclusions generally transform into MgO•Al 2 O 3 spinel inclusions in the beginning, and then transform into calcium aluminate inclusions in Al-killed steel grades. Many publications 15,[17][18][19][22][23][24][25][26] investigated the modification of spinel inclusions using Ca. Some of them 7,10,15,17,27) discussed the formation kinetics of dissolved Mg and Ca, and explained the evolution route of inclusions in industry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Formation, Evolution and Removal of MgO·Al2O3 Spinel Inclusions in Steel

et al. 2021

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MgO•Al 2 O 3 spinel inclusions are generally found in steel, and required be controlled during steelmaking process due to the influences on continuous casting and the quality of final products. The present review aims to give an overall picture on the formation, evolution and removal of spinel inclusions. In this review, the reported formation mechanisms are reclassified, and the effects of Ca, Ti and Mn as well as rare earth on the evolution of spinel inclusions are summarized. Different methods with thermodynamic data sheets are also introduced for the calculation of phase stability diagram. To explain the evolution route of inclusions in industry, the sources and the formation kinetics of dissolved Mg and Ca are discussed. In addition, the agglomeration, separation and dissolution behaviors of spinel inclusions are considered, and the advantages of spinel inclusions are also addressed. Based on literature survey, some suggestions on the control of inclusions are given as well.

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Section: Formation Of Spinel Inclusions From Aluminamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect Of Camentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Formation, Evolution and Removal of MgO·Al2O3 Spinel Inclusions in Steel

et al. 2021

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Characteristics and Evolution of Inclusions in Ti‐Bearing Peritectic Steel with Mg Treatment

Cai

Deng

Yang

et al. 2021

steel research int.

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Mg treatment is conducted in the production of peritectic steel, which greatly reduces the average value of incidence of transverse corner crack in continuous casting slab from 3.10% to 1.06% by 65.8%. In the industrial experiment with the stages of Ar station, before magnesium treatment, after magnesium treatment, and in the slab, the maximum Mg content is 30 ppm after Mg treatment. A large number of Mg containing complex inclusions are formed, and most of Al2O3 are transformed into MgO·Al2O3. In the inclusions, the content of MgO significantly increases from 3.58% to 27.2%. The number density of Mg containing inclusions increases from 45.2 to 168 mm−2. The oxide inclusions smaller than 2 μm account for more than 90%, indicating that Mg treatment can promote the refinement of inclusions. In the slab, most oxide inclusions are transformed into the complex inclusions with Mg containing oxides as the core covered by TiN and sulfide precipitates. These complex inclusions with a size above 1 μm can effectively promote the nucleation and growth of intragranular ferrite to prevent the generation of transverse corner cracks.

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Effect of Ti Addition on Non‐Metallic Inclusion Characteristics in TRIP Steel

Zhu

Sun

et al. 2022

steel research int.

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Herein, the effect of Ti addition on the formation and evolution of inclusions in high‐Al transformation‐induced plasticity (TRIP) steel is investigated by performing a series of laboratory experiments and thermodynamic calculations for different quantities and sequences of Ti addition. Before the addition of Al and Ti, the main inclusions are spherical Mn–Si–Al–O oxide particles. The addition of Al transforms the Mn–Si–Al–O inclusions to Al2O3 inclusion. After the subsequent addition of 0.02 wt% Ti, the main inclusions are Al2O3, AlN, Al2O3–AlN, Al2O3–TiN, and Al2O3–AlN–TiN. However, after the subsequent addition of 0.05 or 0.12 wt% Ti to molten steel, the main inclusions are Al2O3, TiN, and Al2O3–TiN, and almost no AlN is observed. Using different addition sequences of Al and Ti to high‐Al TRIP steel does not result in significant differences in the types of inclusions. Adding Ti to molten steel does not transform Al2O3 to Ti‐oxides, whereas Al addition causes Ti‐oxides to be transformed to Al2O3. Importantly, adding over 0.05 wt% Ti to TRIP steel prevents the formation of AlN inclusion.

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Formation and Evolution of Non-metallic Inclusions in Ti-Bearing Al-Killed Steel During Secondary Refining Process

Cited by 22 publications

References 42 publications

Formation, Evolution and Removal of MgO·Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Spinel Inclusions in Steel

Formation, Evolution and Removal of MgO·Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Spinel Inclusions in Steel

Characteristics and Evolution of Inclusions in Ti‐Bearing Peritectic Steel with Mg Treatment

Effect of Ti Addition on Non‐Metallic Inclusion Characteristics in TRIP Steel

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