Formation and evolution of soils from an acidified watershed: Plastic Lake, Ontario, Canada

Kirkwood, Donna; Nesbitt, H.W.

doi:10.1016/0016-7037(91)90308-r

Cited by 100 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 31 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Among those methods, the pedological mass balance approach (Brimhall and Dietrich, 1987;Kirkwood and Nesbitt, 1991) provides estimates of WRs by analysing the enrichment (or depletion) factor of certain elements as compared to non-mobile elements (Ti or Zr) in the soil profile, taking into account changes in soil horizon thickness and density due to pedogenesis since the parent material was emplaced. This method provides long-term (thousands of years) averages of WRs.…”

Section: Houle Et Al: Soil Weathering Rates In 21 Catchments Of Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil weathering rates in 21 catchments of the Canadian Shield

Houle

Lamoureux²,

Bélanger³

et al. 2012

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Soil mineral weathering represents an essential source of nutrient base cation (Ca, Mg and K) for forest growth in addition to provide a buffering power against precipitation acidity for soils and surface waters. Weathering rates of base cations were obtained for 21 catchments located within the temperate and the boreal forest of the Canadian Shield with the geochemical model PROFILE. Weathering rates ranged from 0.58 to 4.46 kmol c ha −1 yr −1 and their spatial variation within the studied area was mostly in agreement with spatial variations in soil mineralogy. Weathering rates of Ca and Mg were significantly correlated (r = 0.80 and 0.64) with their respective lake concentrations. Weathering rates of K and Na did not correlate with lake concentrations of K and Na. The modeled weathering rates for each catchment were also compared with estimations of net catchment exportations. The result show that modeled weathering rates of Ca were not significantly different than the net catchment exportations while modeled weathering rates of Mg were higher by 51 %. Larger differences were observed for K and Na weathering rates that were significantly different than net catchment exportations being 6.9 and 2.2 times higher than net exportations, respectively. The results for K were expected given its high reactivity with biotic compartments and suggest that most of the K produced by weathering reactions was retained within soil catchments and/or above ground biomass. This explanation does not apply to Na, however, which is a conservative element in forest ecosystems because of the insignificant needs of Na for soil microorganisms and above ground vegetations. It raises concern about the liability of the PROFILE model to provide reliable values of Na weathering rates. Overall, we concluded that the PROFILE model is powerful enough to reproduce spatial geographical gradients in weathering rates for relatively large areas as well as adequately predict absolute weathering rates values for the sum of base cations, Ca and Mg.

show abstract

Section: Houle Et Al: Soil Weathering Rates In 21 Catchments Of Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil weathering rates in 21 catchments of the Canadian Shield

Houle

Lamoureux²,

Bélanger³

et al. 2012

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…1) are sandy, shallow, humo-ferric or ferro-humic podzols (Lozano, 1987). Quartz, plagioclase, potassium feldspar, and amphibole dominate the parent material of the soil (Kirkwood and Nesbitt, 1991). The PC1 upland forest cover is primarily coniferous, dominated by white pine (Pinus strobus L.), red maple (Acer rubrum L.), eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière) and red oak (Quercus rubra L.).…”

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

The impacts of future climate change and sulphur emission reductions on acidification recovery at Plastic Lake, Ontario

Aherne

Futter

Dillon

2008

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Climate-induced drought events have a significant influence on sulphate export from forested catchments in central Ontario, subsequently delaying the recovery of surface waters from acidification. In the current study, a model chain that employed a statistical downscaling model, a hydrological model and two hydrochemical models was used to forecast the chemical recovery of Plastic Lake sub-catchment 1 (PC1) from acidification under proposed deposition reductions and the A2 emission scenario of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Any predicted recovery in stream acid neutralising capacity and pH owing to deposition reductions were clearly offset by large acid effluxes from climateinduced drought events. By 2100, ANC is predicted to show large variations ranging between 10 and −30 µmol c L −1 . Similarly, predicted pH in 2100 is lower (>0.05 of a pH unit) than the value simulated for 2000 (pH 4.35). Despite emission reductions, the future scenario paints a bleak picture of reacidification at PC1 to levels commensurate with those of the late 1970s. The principal process behind this reacidification is the oxidation of previously stored (reduced) sulphur compounds in wetlands during periods of low-flow (or drought), with subsequent efflux of sulphate upon rewetting. Simulated catchment runoff under the A2 emissions scenario predictes increased intensity and frequency of lowflow events from approximately 2030 onwards. The Integrated Catchments model for Carbon indicated that stream DOC concentrations at PC1 will also increase under the future climate scenario, with temperature being the principal driver. Despite the predicted (significant) increase in DOC, pH is not predicted to further decline (beyond the climateinduced oxidation scenario), instead pH shows greater variability throughout the simulation. As echoed by many recent studies, hydrochemical models and model frameworks need to incorporate the drivers and mechanisms (at appropriCorrespondence to: J. Aherne (julian.aherne@ucd.ie) ate time-scales) that affect the key biogeochemical processes to reliably predict the impacts of climate change.

show abstract

“…Soil P concentrations and fractions in upland soils were not significantly different amongst the three catchments with the exception of P HCl , which was significantly higher at HP3 relative to PC1-08. Apatite (assumed to be all P extracted with 1 M HCl) has not been previously detected in the study soils as concentrations of P HCl suggest that apatite was 50.08% of the B-horizon, which is below the detection limit of Â1% for the X-ray diffraction method used by Kirkwood and Nesbitt (1991) to determine the mineralogy of these soils. There was no P HCl detected in the Ah or Ae horizons at PC1 or HP3 or in the Ae horizon at HP3A and the range in A-horizon P HCl concentrations when detected (0.0Á1.0 mmol g (1 ) is comparable with the Ae-horizon P HNO 3 (part of a sequential extraction also meant to target apatite) concentration found in a composite soil from the Hubbard Brook Experimental forest (HBEF; Nezat et al 2007).…”

Section: Patterns In Stream Total Phosphorusmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…The Precambrian Shield region of south-central Ontario is considered sensitive to acid deposition due to its combination of base cation-poor, thin, sandy soils and historically high levels of sulphate and nitrate deposition (Kirkwood and Nesbitt 1991;Aherne et al 2003). Three catchments in this region were selected for study, including Plastic Lake 1-08 (PC1-08), Harp 3 (HP3) and Harp 3A (HP3A) (Fig.…”

Section: Site Description and Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Forest cover at the Plastic Lake catchment consists of mainly conifers, dominated by white pine (Pinus strobus) and eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) whereas forest cover at the Harp Lake catchment is mainly deciduous, dominated by sugar maple (Acer saccharum) and yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis) (Watmough and Dillon 2003). Soils at the two study catchments are geologically young (Â12 000 yr old, Kirkwood and Nesbitt 1991) and have been classified as acidic, poorly developed Podzols and Brunisols (Lozano et al 1987). Precipitation in the region is approximately 1 m yr…”

Section: Site Description and Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Phosphorus forms and response to changes in pH in acid-sensitive soils on the Precambrian Shield

2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Baker, S. R., Watmough, S. A. and Eimers, M. C. 2015. Phosphorus forms and response to changes in pH in acid-sensitive soils on the Precambrian Shield. Can. J. Soil Sci. 95: 95Á108. Soil acidification may explain declines in total phosphorus (TP) levels that have been observed in surface waters in central Ontario, Canada, but much of the research on phosphorus (P) mobility in pH manipulated soils has been performed at high P concentrations (i.e., !500 mM). This study investigated P fractionation in acidic (pH 54.6) soils in south-central Ontario and relationships between soil pH and P sorption at relatively low P concentrations to test whether long-term declines in soil pH could have increased soil P sorption. Soils from three forested catchments that vary naturally in soil pH and outlet stream [TP] (0.1Á0.4 mM in 2008) had very similar soil P concentrations and distributions (Hedley fractionation). Only hydrochloric-acid extractable P (i.e., apatite) differed amongst catchments and was greatest at the catchment with the highest stream [TP]. The fraction of P present as labile/ soluble P did not decline with pH as expected and experiments indicated that P sorption at P concentrations between 4.52 and 452.1 mM was insensitive to manipulated solution pH. Soils were, however, able to sorb!90% of P added in sorption experiments at [P] 5452.1 mM. These results suggest that acidification-induced P sorption in upland soils has not contributed to observed decreases in surface water TP concentrations.Key words: Phosphorus, acidification (soil), Hedley fractionation, sorption, Podzols, Ontario (central) Baker, S. R., Watmough, S. A. et Eimers, M. C. 2015. Types de phosphore et re´action de cet e´le´ment aux variations du pH dans les sols du bouclier pre´cambrien sensibles a`l'acidification. Can. J. Soil Sci. 95: 95Á108. L'acidification du sol pourrait expliquer la concentration de phosphore total (PT) plus faible observe´e dans les eaux superficielles du centre de l'Ontario, mais une bonne partie des recherches sur la mobilite´du phosphore (P) dans les sols dont le pH avait e´te´modifie´ont e´teé ffectue´es a`une concentration de P e´leve´e (a`savoir, supe´rieure a`500 mM). La pre´sente e´tude portait sur le fractionnement du P dans les sols acides (pH 54,6) du centre-sud de l'Ontario et sur les liens existant entre le pH du sol et la sorption du P aux concentrations de P relativement faibles. Elle devait e´tablir si l'acidification a`long terme du sol pouvait avoir accru la sorption du P dans le sol. Trois bassins hydrographiques forestiers dont le pH et la de´charge variaient naturellement [PT] (0,1Á0,4 mM en 2008) pre´sentaient une concentration et une distribution tre`s semblables du P dans leur sol (me´thode de fractionnement de Hedley). Seule la concentration de P extractible a`l'acide chlorhydrique (a`savoir, l'apatite) diffe´rait d'un bassin a`l'autre et atteignait un maximum dans le bassin a`la de´charge la plus importante [PT]. La fraction du P correspondant au P labile/soluble ne diminue pas avec le pH comme ...

show abstract

Formation and evolution of soils from an acidified watershed: Plastic Lake, Ontario, Canada

Cited by 100 publications

References 31 publications

Soil weathering rates in 21 catchments of the Canadian Shield

Soil weathering rates in 21 catchments of the Canadian Shield

The impacts of future climate change and sulphur emission reductions on acidification recovery at Plastic Lake, Ontario

Phosphorus forms and response to changes in pH in acid-sensitive soils on the Precambrian Shield

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About