Formation of biofilms by Staphylococcus aureus on stainless steel and glass surfaces and its resistance to some selected chemical sanitizers

Abstract

The objectives of this work were to verify the capability of Staphylococcus aureus of forming bio-film on stainless steel and glass surfaces; to evaluate the efficiency of sodium dichloroisocyanurate, hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid in inactivating Staphylococcus aureus cells adhered onto these surfaces; and to visualize biofilm development by scanning electron microscopy before and after sanitizer treatment. The surfaces studied consisted of 10x20mm chips immersed in Petri dishes containing BHI broth inoculated with S. aureus ATCC 25923. Biofilm formation was observed after 15-day incubation, when the cells were removed using the swab technique, followed by Baird Parker agar plating. Also, the efficiency of the chemical sanitizers on the chip surfaces was tested and the non-removed cells were counted on the Baird-Parker agar. After biofilm formation and use of sanitizers, the chips were respectively observed by scanning electronic microscopy following a pre-existing protocol. The obtained results showed biofilm formation on both surfaces, with bacterial count in the order of 10 7 CFU/cm 2 on and 10 8 CFU/cm 2 on stainless steel and glass surfaces, respectively. Peracetic acid was the most efficient in removing adhered cells, presenting 5.26 and 4.5 decimal reduction for adhered cells on stainless steel and glass surfaces, respectively.

Evaluating the Effect of Copper Nanoparticles in Inhibiting Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Listeria monocytogenes Biofilm Formation

“…Biofilms permit bacteria to persist in the environment and resist treatment with antibacterial agents, rendering their elimination very problematic (2)(3)(4). Bacteria, apart from the biofilm layer, can be a source of contamination and damage food quality, causing products to become the potential carriers of pathogens (5). Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that certain diseases such as periodontitis, cystic fibrosis, otitis media, native valve endocarditis, and chronic prostatitis all seem to be associated with biofilm-associated microorganisms (6).…”

Comparison of Antimicrobial Activity between Chemical Disinfectants on Contaminated Orthodontic Pliers

“…The results obtained in the present study for PAA confirm its effectiveness as a disinfectant, corroborating the results of other studies. 6,11,12,14,19 Marques et al demonstrated the high efficiency of PAA, but their results showed that S. aureus adhered to glass and stainless steel were not completely removed. 19 It is important to highlight that the authors applied PAA for 30 seconds and not for 10 minutes that is recommended by the fabricant for disinfection procedure.…”

“…6,11,12,14,19 Marques et al demonstrated the high efficiency of PAA, but their results showed that S. aureus adhered to glass and stainless steel were not completely removed. 19 It is important to highlight that the authors applied PAA for 30 seconds and not for 10 minutes that is recommended by the fabricant for disinfection procedure. 19 Even though no statistically significant difference was observed between the three disinfectants tested, contamination by S. aureus was observed in two pliers after treatment with 70% isopropyl alcohol.…”

“…19 It is important to highlight that the authors applied PAA for 30 seconds and not for 10 minutes that is recommended by the fabricant for disinfection procedure. 19 Even though no statistically significant difference was observed between the three disinfectants tested, contamination by S. aureus was observed in two pliers after treatment with 70% isopropyl alcohol. This fact should be considered of clinical relevancy, since the existence of even a single bacterial colony may cause cross-infection.…”

Ação dos desinfetantes sobre a adesão e biofilme consolidado de Staphylococcus spp.

“…presentes no biofilme consolidado apresentaram uma forte resistência, sendo que células viáveis foram recuperadas após 24 horas de exposição aos desinfetantes analisados. Segundo Marques et al (2007), S. aureus na forma de biofilme se torna mais resistente aos agentes sanificantes. Esta resistência está associada tanto à baixa penetração dos compostos antimicrobianos no biofilme, como pelo estado fenotipicamente protegido, induzido nas bactérias que o compõe (Costerton et al 1995, Altieri et al 2013.…”