Formation of carboxylate complexes from the reactions of carbon dioxide with ethylene complexes of molybdenum and tungsten. X-ray and neutron diffraction studies

Aspects of carbon dioxide utilization

“…Ni(acac) 2 and arylphosphine catalyze the addition of CO 2 and diorganozinc to bis-1,3-diene under very mild conditions as shown in Eq. (38). The reaction performed at a lower temperature resulted in a high enantioselectivity.…”

“…Therefore, it is required to find highly reactive metal catalysts. The investigations of the reaction between carbon dioxide and metal compounds, as transition elements, e.g., Ni [5][6][7][8][9], Pd [10,11], Pt [22], Co [12,55], Rh [13,14,22,34], Ir [15][16][17][18], Fe [19][20][21]34,53], Ru [22][23][24][25][26]34,53], Mn [27][28][29], Re [27,[30][31][32][33][34], Cr [35], Mo [35][36][37][38][39], W [35,[38][39][40][41], V …”

Activation of Carbon Dioxide

“…However, although acrylate-containing Fe, Mo, W, and Ni complexes could be obtained, these were not able to release acrylic acid and enter a new catalytic cycle. 85 Density functional theory calculations 33 were made on the coupling of ethene and CO 2 catalyzed by [Ni(bipy)(CDT)] (bipy ¼ 2,2 0 -bipyridyl), the product of which was a stable five-membered nickelalactone. It was concluded that the existence of a [Ni(bipy) (CO 2 )(ethene)] mixed-ligand complex is not a prerequisite of the coupling; in fact, the stability of such a complex toward CO 2 decomposition is so low that its presence in the reaction mixture is quite unlikely.…”

The coupling of carbon dioxide with ethene to produce acrylic acid sodium salt in one pot by using Ni(II) and Pd(II)-phosphine complexes as precatalysts

“…However, such reaction needs an efficient and active catalyst in order to reduce the high energy demand for CO 2 activation. In the last years, several metal catalysts together with a huge variety of synthetic methods, promoters, and ligands, (Fe [31,32], Pd [33,34], Pt [35,36], Ti [37], Zr [38][39][40], Rh [41,42], Mo [43,44] and Ni [45][46][47][48]) have been deeply investigated both in experimental and theoretical studies [48]. However, in such papers only metallalactone formation has been mainly reported.…”