Formation of giant copper deposits in Tibet driven by tearing of the subducted Indian plate

Hou, Zhenshan; Wang, Rui; Zhang, Haijiang; Zheng, Yuanchuan; Jin, Sheng; Thybo, Hans; Weinberg, Roberto F.; Xu, Bo; Yang, Zhiming; Hao, Aowei; Gao, Lei; Zhang, Letian

doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2023.104482

Cited by 23 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Among the proposed tears, T1 coincides with P1, and T2 coincides with P2 (Figure 3f and Figure S11 in Supporting Information ). The slab tearing can exert various influences on the overriding crust, including thermal impacts, as delineated by geological and geochemical studies (e.g., Hou et al., 2006, 2023; R. Wang et al., 2022). This indicates the isolated crustal partial melting patches may be attributed to the crustal response to slab tearing and subsequent localized mantle upwelling through the tearing belts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the proposed tears, T1 coincides with P1, and T2 coincides with P2 (Figure 3f and Figure S11 in Supporting Information S1). The slab tearing can exert various influences on the overriding crust, including thermal impacts, as delineated by geological and geochemical studies (e.g., Hou et al, 2006Hou et al, , 2023R. Wang et al, 2022).…”

Section: Mantle Contribution To Crustal Partial Meltingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Isolated Crustal Partial Melting in the Southern Tibetan Plateau From H‐κ‐c Method

Gong,

Li,

2023

Geophysical Research Letters

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The crustal thickness and average Vp/Vs ratio are basic parameters to understand the current state and the tectonic processes in the Tibetan Plateau (TP). We gather receiver functions in the central‐southern TP and extract spatial variation of crustal thickness and Vp/Vs ratio using the H‐κ‐c method with careful quality control and stability analysis. Our results highlight the regions with high Vp/Vs ratios in the central‐southern Qiangtang block and two isolated patches around the Yarlung‐Zangbo suture, suggesting crustal partial melting. The disconnected high‐Vp/Vs patches imply a restrained pattern for present‐day crustal flow in the southern TP. Further correlation with mantle observations suggests that the high Vp/Vs region in the north can be attributed to mantle upwelling after lithospheric delamination, and the two isolated patches in the south may be related to the tearing of the Indian mantle lithosphere.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mantle Contribution To Crustal Partial Meltingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolated Crustal Partial Melting in the Southern Tibetan Plateau From H‐κ‐c Method

Gong,

Li,

2023

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…For example, the concentration of Cl ions can increase the distribution ratio of metal elements in the fluid [50,54]. Furthermore, the alkali-rich, volatile-rich and/or water-rich melts (e.g., anatexis in the crust) also contribute to most types of ore deposits [6,[53][54][55][56][57][58][59]. During or after mineralization, these volatile residues may form a chlorate, sulfide and/or graphite film under specific temperature and pressure conditions, which can increase the conductivity of the rock system [13,14,60].…”

Section: Connecting the Electrical Resistivity Model Of Lithosphere A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Relationship between the Metallogenic System of Metallic Mineral Deposits and Lithospheric Electrical Structure: Insight from Magnetotelluric Imaging

Jin,

Sheng,

Liu

et al. 2024

Minerals

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In development over 70 years, magnetotelluric (MT) sounding, a high-resolution technique for subsurface electrical resistivity imaging, has been widely applied in resource exploration in the Earth. The key factors of the metallogenic system of metallic mineral deposits can be closely correlated to the electrical anomalies of the lithosphere. In this paper, we review the relationship between the electrical resistivity model of the lithosphere and the metallogenic system. At the beginning, we indicate why the electrical parameters relate to the metallogenic system in all geophysical parameters. The advantage of MT sounding in sketching an electrical resistivity model of the lithosphere is subsequently discussed, and some methods of data processing, analysis and inversion are also introduced. Furthermore, we summarize how to bridge the relationship between the electrical resistivity model of the lithosphere and metallogenic system, and analyze the influence of the rheological variation estimated from conductivity in the lithosphere on mineralization. In the end, we list some typical cases of the application of MT sounding in mineral exploration, and also give some suggestions for future work. This study is aimed at providing guidance in discussing the metallogenic system using an electrical resistivity model.

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“…Wang et al, 2016). The Miocene PCDs (17-13 Ma), thought to have formed when Cu-rich juvenile lower crust remelted in response to asthenospheric upwelling (Hou et al, 2023;R. Wang et al, 2018), are mainly distributed in the eastern LT.…”

Section: Tectonic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Liu et al., 2011; R. Wang et al., 2016). The Miocene PCDs (17–13 Ma), thought to have formed when Cu‐rich juvenile lower crust remelted in response to asthenospheric upwelling (Hou et al., 2023; R. Wang et al., 2018), are mainly distributed in the eastern LT. It is widely suggested that the deep processes producing the postcollisional magmatism are closely related to the development of the N–S‐trending rifts (L.‐Y.…”

Section: Tectonic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different Formation Modes of the North–South‐Trending Rifts in Southern Tibet: Implications From Ambient Noise Tomography

Li,

Tian,

Liang

et al. 2024

Geophysical Research Letters

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Understanding how the Miocene N–S‐trending rifts on the southern Tibetan Plateau formed is crucial for understanding the evolution of the plateau. Most competing models suggest that all the rifts developed uniformly, but there are differences in magmatism among them. We conducted ambient noise tomography based on a broadband seismic array deployed across the rifts. A mid‐crustal low‐Vs layer extends laterally beneath the Tangra Yum Co Rift and the Pumqu‐Xianza Rift, implying that E‒W stretching of the ductile middle crust segmented the brittle upper crust, causing rifting and subsequent magmatism. In contrast, the Yadong‐Gulu Rift, which experienced prerifting magmatism, is characterized by an isolated low‐Vs anomaly extending subvertically from the surface to the middle crust, indicating that the crust experienced magmatic intrusion and local disruption, which promoted the later formation of a large rift. The results suggest that the various rifts might have distinct formation modes.

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Formation of giant copper deposits in Tibet driven by tearing of the subducted Indian plate

Cited by 23 publications

References 75 publications

Isolated Crustal Partial Melting in the Southern Tibetan Plateau From H‐κ‐c Method

Isolated Crustal Partial Melting in the Southern Tibetan Plateau From H‐κ‐c Method

A Review of Relationship between the Metallogenic System of Metallic Mineral Deposits and Lithospheric Electrical Structure: Insight from Magnetotelluric Imaging

Different Formation Modes of the North–South‐Trending Rifts in Southern Tibet: Implications From Ambient Noise Tomography

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