Formin-mediated actin polymerization cooperates with Mushroom body defect (Mud)-Dynein during Frizzled-Dishevelled spindle orientation

Johnston, Christopher A.; Manning, Laurina; Lu, Michelle S.; Golub, Ognjen; Doe, Chris Q.; Prehoda, Kenneth E.

doi:10.1242/dev.104356

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…The mechanisms that link cortical actin nucleation to spindle rotation, however, remain to be investigated. In support of their in vitro data, the authors demonstrated that diaphanous is indeed necessary for Dshmediated spindle orientation along the antero-posterior axis in Drosophila SOP cells [61] (Fig 2A).…”

Section: Not a Monopoly: Gai/lgn-independent Pathways In Spindle Oriesupporting

confidence: 59%

“…Polarized localization of Pins by using this method results in spindle orientation in the direction of the Ed-Pins enrichment, constituting a model where the function of molecules in spindle orientation downstream of Pins can be evaluated. Alternatively, by fusing proteins or protein domains to echinoid, their ability to orient the spindle has been evaluated in different studies [60][61][62][63].…”

Section: Glossarymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mechanistically, the Dsh DEP (dishevelled/EGL10/pleckstrin) domain mediates the recruitment of Mud and dynein. However, Johnston and colleagues found that the Dsh/NuMA pathway does not act alone and uncovered an accessory pathway in Dsh-mediated spindle orientation [61]. Using the induced polarity assay in S2 cells (Box 2), they showed that the DEP domain of Dsh on its own indeed recruits Mud, but surprisingly this was not sufficient to orient the spindle.…”

Section: Not a Monopoly: Gai/lgn-independent Pathways In Spindle Oriementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, actin subcortical clouds and myosin 10 act in parallel to the LGN/dynein pathway to regulate spindle orientation in cells cultured on micropatterns [102]. Similarly, dishevelled controls spindle orientation in Drosophila S2 and SOP cells by activating two parallel cascades: a NuMA/dynein and a RhoA/diaphanous/actin pathway [61]. In these cases, it would be interesting to study if parallel pathways act simultaneously or not during spindle orientation.…”

Section: Erm Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Regulation of mitotic spindle orientation: an integrated view

2016

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Mitotic spindle orientation is essential for cell fate decisions, epithelial maintenance, and tissue morphogenesis. In most animal cell types, the dynein motor complex is anchored at the cell cortex and exerts pulling forces on astral microtubules to position the spindle. Early studies identified the evolutionarily conserved Gai/ LGN/NuMA complex as a key regulator that polarizes cortical force generators. In recent years, a combination of genetics, biochemistry, modeling, and live imaging has contributed to decipher the mechanisms of spindle orientation. Here, we highlight the dynamic nature of the assembly of this complex and discuss the molecular regulation of its localization. Remarkably, a number of LGNindependent mechanisms were described recently, whereas NuMA remains central in most pathways involved in recruiting force generators at the cell cortex. We also describe the emerging role of the actin cortex in spindle orientation and discuss how dynamic astral microtubule formation is involved. We further give an overview on instructive external signals that control spindle orientation in tissues. Finally, we discuss the influence of cell geometry and mechanical forces on spindle orientation.

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Section: Not a Monopoly: Gai/lgn-independent Pathways In Spindle Oriesupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Glossarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Not a Monopoly: Gai/lgn-independent Pathways In Spindle Oriementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Erm Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Regulation of mitotic spindle orientation: an integrated view

2016

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“…Cno is reported to directly regulate the Pins/Mud machinery in cultured cells and asymmetrically dividing Drosophila cells (Speicher et al, 2008;Wee et al, 2011;Johnston et al, 2013;Carminati et al, 2016). This does not appear to be true in the FE, since spindle orientation in the A-B axis is normal in mitotic clones mutant for the null allele cno R2 (Fig EV5B).…”

Section: Canoe Regulates Apical Myosin Organization and Spindle Orienmentioning

confidence: 96%

Tissue tension and not interphase cell shape determines cell division orientation in the Drosophila follicular epithelium

Finegan

Cammarota

et al. 2018

The EMBO Journal

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We investigated the cell behaviors that drive morphogenesis of the Drosophila follicular epithelium during expansion and elongation of early‐stage egg chambers. We found that cell division is not required for elongation of the early follicular epithelium, but drives the tissue toward optimal geometric packing. We examined the orientation of cell divisions with respect to the planar tissue axis and found a bias toward the primary direction of tissue expansion. However, interphase cell shapes demonstrate the opposite bias. Hertwig's rule, which holds that cell elongation determines division orientation, is therefore broken in this tissue. This observation cannot be explained by the anisotropic activity of the conserved Pins/Mud spindle‐orienting machinery, which controls division orientation in the apical–basal axis and planar division orientation in other epithelial tissues. Rather, cortical tension at the apical surface translates into planar division orientation in a manner dependent on Canoe/Afadin, which links actomyosin to adherens junctions. These findings demonstrate that division orientation in different axes—apical–basal and planar—is controlled by distinct, independent mechanisms in a proliferating epithelium.

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Microtubules regulate brush border formation

Tonucci

Ferretti

Almada

et al. 2017

Journal Cellular Physiology

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Most epithelial cells contain apical membrane structures associated to bundles of actin filaments, which constitute the brush border. Whereas microtubule participation in the maintenance of the brush border identity has been characterized, their contribution to de novo microvilli organization remained elusive. Hereby, using a cell model of individual enterocyte polarization, we found that nocodazole induced microtubule depolymerization prevented the de novo brush border formation. Microtubule participation in brush border actin organization was confirmed in polarized kidney tubule MDCK cells. We also found that centrosome, but not Golgi derived microtubules, were essential for the initial stages of brush border development. During this process, microtubule plus ends acquired an early asymmetric orientation toward the apical membrane, which clearly differs from their predominant basal orientation in mature epithelia. In addition, overexpression of the microtubule plus ends associated protein CLIP170, which regulate actin nucleation in different cell contexts, facilitated brush border formation. In combination, the present results support the participation of centrosomal microtubule plus ends in the activation of the polarized actin organization associated to brush border formation, unveiling a novel mechanism of microtubule regulation of epithelial polarity.

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Formin-mediated actin polymerization cooperates with Mushroom body defect (Mud)-Dynein during Frizzled-Dishevelled spindle orientation

Cited by 5 publications

References 1 publication

Regulation of mitotic spindle orientation: an integrated view

Regulation of mitotic spindle orientation: an integrated view

Tissue tension and not interphase cell shape determines cell division orientation in the Drosophila follicular epithelium

Microtubules regulate brush border formation

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