Formulation and effectiveness test of clove flower oil (Syzygium aromaticum L.) nanoemulsigel preparations against Propionibacterium acnes bacteria

Abstract

Background: Acne is a chronic inflammatory process in the pilosebaceous glands. The appearance of acne is a process of follicular hyper-keratinization, which causes blockage of the pores so that the hair follicles are blocked by bacteria known as Propionibacterium acnes. Clove flower oil contains eugenol compounds which have the strongest activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Methods: In this research, antibacterial activity tests were carried out on clove flower oil with various concentrations and nano-emulsion gel preparations were made with a clove flower oil concentration of 1.5%; 3%; 5.5%, which was then tested for antibacterial activity on the nano-emulsion gel preparations of clove flower oil measured using a caliper and the diameter of the inhibition zone produced was recorded. Results: the results of the organoleptic research showed that the color was yellow, transparent and had a distinctive odor, homogeneity showed that there were no coarse particles, viscosity was still within the required range, pH showed that the pH was still within the required range of 4.5-6.5, particle size test was below 200 nm, cycling test showed that it was stable during storage at hot and cold temperatures for 6 cycles of P. acnes inhibitory clove flower oil nano-emulsion preparation with a concentration of 1.5%; 3%; 5.% respectively have resistance of 11.60 mm, 13.53 mm, 15.76 mm Conclusions: From the results of the research that has been carried out, it is concluded that clove flower oil can be formulated into a nano-emulsion gel preparation, is stable during cycling tests, and has a particle size below 200 nm. Nano-emulsion gel formulations have the greatest antibacterial activity compared to emulsion gel formulations.