Formulation and in Vitro Evaluation of Gastroretentive Floating Beads of Amoxicillin Using Pectin From Banana Peel (Musa Balbisiana Abb)

Abstract

Objective: The study aimed to investigate the characteristic pectin from banana peels (Musa balbisiana ABB) and formulation as a polymeric carrier in gastrorententive floating beads.Methods: Pectin from banana peel was isolated using a citric acid solvent with varying concentration (2.5%, 5%, and 7.5%) at 80°C for 90 min. Characterization of pectin included determination of yield, equivalent weight methoxyl content (Me), galacturonic acid (GaA), and degree esterification. Floating beads of amoxicillin prepared by the ionotropic gelation method used calcium ion as cross-linking and sodium bicarbonate as gas-forming agent. Three formulations of amoxicillin were formulated using different percentage of pectin. The prepared beads were evaluated for particle size, drug entrapment efficiency, morphological study, floating lag time, floating time, swelling properties, in vitro drug release, and study of drug release kinetics.Results: The result showed citric acid concentration 7.5% was optimum condition for isolated pectin from banana peels with the percent of yield was 9.51%; 6.29% Me; 62.82% GaA; and degree of esterification 48.46%. Floating time of beads was ≥12 h and drug entrapment efficiency F3 was highest (51%). In vitro drug release confirmed F3 was the best formulation as it releases 92% at 5 h with followed Higuchi model kinetics drug release. Floating beads amoxicillin showed differences of drug release compared with conventional dosage form of amoxicillin (p<0.05).Conclusion: This study confirmed these beads can entrap amoxicillin and also can successfully deliver the drug targeted stomach for a prolong duration drug release.

Prostate Vaporization by Diode Laser for Patients With Benign Prostatic Enlargement

“…KTP LASER (532 nm) has good prostatic tissue vaporization, good hemostasis, less coagulation depth leading to less expelling of necrotic tissue, and also the lack of tissue retrieval. Diode LASER (980 nm) has many advantages (small box size) [19], absorbed by hemoglobin and water, and this give rapid vaporization and hemostasis, tissue ablation shortening the operative time, cheaper than KTP or Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate but also the lack of tissue retrieval.…”

Polymeric Excipients in the Technology of Floating Drug Delivery Systems

“…For example, Hendrika et al, isolated pectin from a banana peel (Musa balbisiana ABB), which was then used to react with calcium chloride to obtain amoxicillin granules by ionotropic gelation. Buoyancy was ensured by the addition of a gas-forming agent (sodium bicarbonate) to the composition, the DF ascent delay time was 20 s, the flotation time was more than 12 h, and API was released in accordance with the Higuchi kinetics model for 5 h [35]. Liu et al, used hyaluronic acid as a gelling agent in the preparation of pills containing dihydromyricetin by extrusion with further freeze-drying.…”

Pharmaceutical applications of citric acid

“…Because of the good gelling properties of pectin, it prolonged the release of amoxicillin in the stomach. Therefore, the CA can be an excellent solvent for the isolation of pectin [46].…”