Formulation and stability of a novel artificial human sweat under conditions of storage and use

Harvey, Christopher J.; LeBouf, Ryan F.; Stefaniak, Aleksandr B.

doi:10.1016/j.tiv.2010.06.016

Cited by 233 publications

(204 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The SSFL model consisted of an aqueous sweat component and a lipid sebum component. 30 Artificial sebum (saturated and unsaturated lipids and vitamin E) was prepared as described by Stefaniak et al 34 The simple artificial sweat formulation consisted of 5 g/l (85.6 mM) sodium chloride and 0.5 g/l (8.3 mM) urea and had pH 5.8.…”

Section: Artificial Biological Fluidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dermal exposure potential from textiles that contain silver nanoparticles

Stefaniak

Duling

Lawrence

et al. 2014

International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health

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Background: Factors that influence exposure to silver particles from the use of textiles are not well understood. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of product treatment and physiological factors on silver release from two textiles. Methods: Atomic and absorbance spectroscopy, electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering (DLS) were applied to characterize the chemical and physical properties of the textiles and evaluate silver release in artificial sweat and saliva under varying physiological conditions. One textile had silver incorporated into fiber threads (masterbatch process) and the other had silver nanoparticles coated on fiber surfaces (finishing process). Results: Several complementary and confirmatory analytical techniques (spectroscopy, microscopy, etc.) were required to properly assess silver release. Silver released into artificial sweat or saliva was primarily in ionic form. In a simulated ''use'' and laundering experiment, the total cumulative amount of silver ion released was greater for the finishing process textile (0.51¡0.04%) than the masterbatch process textile (0.21¡0.01%); P,0.01. Conclusions: We found that the process (masterbatch vs finishing) used to treat textile fibers was a more influential exposure factor than physiological properties of artificial sweat or saliva.

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Section: Artificial Biological Fluidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dermal exposure potential from textiles that contain silver nanoparticles

Stefaniak

Duling

Lawrence

et al. 2014

International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health

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“…Valinomycin (90%), bis(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate (DOS), potassium tetrakis(4-chlorophenyl)borate (KTClPB), poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), tetrahydrofuran (THF, 99.8%), sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium sulfate (Na 2 SO 4 ), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3 ), potassium chloride (KCl), magnesium chloride (MgCl 2 ), sodium phosphate anhydrous monobasic (NaH 2 PO 4 ), calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ), and ammonium hydroxide (NH 4 Cl) were procured from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Spiked sweat containing potential interfering electrolytes including NaCl, Na 2 SO 4 , NaHCO 3 , KCl, MgCl 2 , NaH 2 PO 4 , CaCO 3 , and NH 4 Cl at physiological concentrations 29 were used in the experiments and spiked with potassium concentrations as stated. Artificial eccrine perspiration (stabilized at pH 4.5) was purchased from Pickering Laboratory with a listed concentration of ∼33 mM.…”

Section: ■ Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The analytical performance of the potassium ISEs was analyzed in the concentration range of 10 −8 −10 −2 M via a KCl salt solution. The interfering tests were conducted by following similar protocols 29 where DI water was first spiked with 0.001 M KCl, next with 0.01 M KCl, and finally with artificial eccrine perspiration. IPG ISE drift analysis was performed by constant current chronopotentiometry where the potential was recorded by applying a positive 1 nA current for 100 s followed by a negative current of 1 nA for 100 s in a test vial containing 0.1 M KCl solution.…”

Section: Acs Applied Materials and Interfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enabling Inkjet Printed Graphene for Ion Selective Electrodes with Postprint Thermal Annealing

Das

Garland

et al. 2017

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Inkjet printed graphene (IPG) has recently shown tremendous promise in reducing the cost and complexity of graphene circuit fabrication. Herein we demonstrate, for the first time, the fabrication of an ion selective electrode (ISE) with IPG. A thermal annealing process in a nitrogen ambient environment converts the IPG into a highly conductive electrode (sheet resistance changes from 52.8 ± 7.4 MΩ/□ for unannealed graphene to 172.7 ± 33.3 Ω/□ for graphene annealed at 950 °C). Raman spectroscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis reveals that the printed graphene flakes begin to smooth at an annealing temperature of 500 °C and then become more porous and more electrically conductive when annealed at temperatures of 650 °C and above. The resultant thermally annealed, IPG electrodes are converted into potassium ISEs via functionalization with a poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) membrane and valinomycin ionophore. The developed potassium ISE displays a wide linear sensing range (0.01−100 mM), a low detection limit (7 μM), minimal drift (8.6 × 10 −6 V/s), and a negligible interference during electrochemical potassium sensing against the backdrop of interfering ions [i.e., sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), and calcium (Ca)] and artificial eccrine perspiration. Thus, the IPG ISE shows potential for potassium detection in a wide variety of human fluids including plasma, serum, and sweat.

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“…Lithium in saliva correlates to lithium carbonate intake which is used for treatment of maniac depressive and hyperthyroidism disorders [15]. Li-ISEs are generally sensitive to high sodium concentration [14,15] but in saliva the sodium levels are three order of magnitude lower [35]. However, to date, examples of convincing wearable ISE-sensors are few and limited to sodium and chloride [20,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opportunities and challenges of using ion-selective electrodes in environmental monitoring and wearable sensors

Zuliani

Diamond

2012

Electrochimica Acta

110

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Great opportunities exist for Ion-Selective Electrodes (ISEs) in the fields of environmental monitoring and of wearable applications for example as the sensing part in wireless networks.In this review special attention is given to the recent results obtained with Solid Contact IonSelective Electrodes and Solid Contact Reference Electrodes. Their combination as disposable sensing platform may offer the best solution to eliminate issues commonly experienced with ISEs and lead in a short term to their commercialization. Future research will likely focus on the miniaturization of the current devices and on the further development of non conventional potentiometric methods, e.g., controlled potential thin-layer coulometry.2 Contents.

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Formulation and stability of a novel artificial human sweat under conditions of storage and use

Cited by 233 publications

References 21 publications

Dermal exposure potential from textiles that contain silver nanoparticles

Dermal exposure potential from textiles that contain silver nanoparticles

Enabling Inkjet Printed Graphene for Ion Selective Electrodes with Postprint Thermal Annealing

Opportunities and challenges of using ion-selective electrodes in environmental monitoring and wearable sensors

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