Formulation Development of a Topical Probiotic Gel for Antidermatophytosis Effect

Abstract

Background: Topical drug delivery is a painless route of drug administration. Skin is one of the most easily accessible parts of human body for topical administration and also is a main route of topical drug delivery system. There are different skin diseases and infections caused by fungus. An antifungal compound is a pharmaceutical fungicide used to treat mycoses such as dermatophytes which have the ability to attack keratinized tissues and used keratin cause dermatophytosis, the most common human contagious fungal disease. Because of drug resistance, side effects and cytotoxicity associated with long-term treatment with antifungal drugs, finding new useful drugs to treat fungal infections is necessary.

Probiotics and Postbiotics from Food to Health: Antimicrobial Experimental Confirmation

“…The wells are dug and indicator pathogen inoculated. Then postbiotic/Probiotic is dispensed [37,40]. Unlike the simple spot-on lawn assay method, the probiotic microorganism can be allowed to grow first before introducing the indicator microorganisms or vice versa.…”

“…Cells are then removed by centrifuging to obtain the CFS ( [36]; J. [33, 35,37]). The supernatant obtained can then be screened for antimicrobial activity [35], or the supernatant is further filter-sterilized [35,36].…”

“…To screen postbiotics or probiotic microorganism using this method, the indicator pathogen is first inoculated, then probiotic microorganisms are spotted at specific points on solid media [37]. Modification to the method entails spotting probiotic microorganisms as parallel lines [33].…”

“…For example, the virulence factor in bacteria includes adhesion, immunoevasion and immunosuppression, exo-enzymes, and exotoxin, among others [45]. The virulent factors in Candida include secretion of hydrolases, yeast to hypha transition, contact sensing, thigmotropism, biofilm formation, phenotypic switching, and range of fitness attributes [27,37]. The following methods can be used to examine the ability of the probiotic microorganism to inhibit the virulence factors;…”

“…This has been attributed to the great diversity of virulence factors expressed by these pathogens. Some pathogens can produce exoenzymes, encode resistance genes, form biofilms, and induce inflammatory responses, among others [37,101,102]. The probiotic dosage, duration, frequency, formulation, viability, species-level, and strain, among others, should always be reported for conclusive studies.…”