Formulation of SrO-MBCUS Agglomerates for Esterification and Transesterification of High FFA Vegetable Oil

Abstract

<p>Musa Balbisiana Colla Underground Stem (MBCUS) catalyst was treated thermally mixing with 5:1 w/w of Strontium Oxide (SrO) and the dynamic sites were reformed. The MBCUS-SrO showed sharper crystalline phases as evidence from XRD and TEM analysis. The composition and morphology were characterized from BET, SEM, EDX thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and XRF analysis. The optimization process for biodiesel production from Jatropha curcas L oil (JCO) having high percentage of free fatty acids was carried out using orthogonal arrays adopting the Taguchi method. The linear equation was obtained from the analysis and subsequent biodiesel production (96% FAME) was taken away from the JCO under optimal reaction conditions. The biodiesel so prepared had identical characteristics to that with MBCUS alone, but at a lower temperature (200<sup>˚</sup>C) and internal vapour pressure. Metal leaching was much lower while reusability of the catalyst was enhanced. It was also confirmed that the particle size has little impact upon the conversion efficacy, but the basic active sites are more important. Copyright © 2016 BCREC GROUP. All rights reserved</p><p><em>Received: 19<sup>th</sup> August 2015; Revised: 8<sup>th</sup> December 2015; Accepted: 1<sup>st</sup> January 2016</em></p><p><strong>How to Cite</strong>: Kumar, P., Sarma, A.K., Bansal, A., Jha, M.K. (2016). Formulation of SrO-MBCUS Agglomerates for Esterification and Transesterification of High FFA Vegetable Oil. <em>Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis</em>, 11 (2): 140-150 (doi:10.9767/bcrec.11.2.540.140-150)</p><p><strong>Permalink/DOI</strong>: http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.11.2.540.140-150</p>

Biomass‐based heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production: A comprehensive review

“…Chemical activation has been shown to favor the presence of active sites on the catalyst surface, which benefits its catalytic activity. This statement corresponds to the results obtained by Kumar et al 82 The authors used Jatropha curcas oil for biodiesel production using a nano‐sized catalyst Musa Balbisiana Colla underground stem (MBCUS) ash‐based, following the procedure described by Sarma et al 84 Subsequently, SrO was impregnated in a weight ratio of 1:5 (1 g of SrO per 5 g of nanocatalyst). This mixture (MBCUS‐SrO) was heat‐treated for 1 hour at 550°C.…”

“…This brings about an increase in surface area, and therefore, enhances the activity of the ash-based catalyst. There are reports with similar observations for ash derived from Lemna pepusilla Torrey, 99 coconut husk, 87 banana peels, 31,75,77,78,81,82,102 orange peels, 97,103 wood pellets, 85 Sesamum indicum plant, 90 and Brassica nigra. 96 Sharma et al 35 also reported the importance of applying a calcination process, as it prevents the leaching of K and influences the reusability of the catalyst.…”

“…Among the different biomass sources that have been studied as precursors for obtaining ash‐based catalysts, RH , 37,42,74 cocoa pod and coconut husk , 31,33,74,75 banana plant waste, 76‐84 and wood ash 35,85,86 are summarized in Table 3. Husin et al 33 demonstrated that only drying and burning process of coconut shell is sufficient to obtain a solid ash‐based catalyst with a high K 2 O content.…”

“…After its combustion at high temperatures, alkali metal oxides of high basic resistance are formed such as CaO, potassium oxide (K 2 O), and magnesium oxide (MgO), which determines their catalytic ability to produce biodiesel. 9 Among the different biomass sources that have been studied as precursors for obtaining ash-based catalysts, RH, 37,42,74 cocoa pod and coconut husk, 31,33,74,75 banana plant waste, [76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84] and wood ash 35,85,86 are summarized in Table 3. Husin et al 33 demonstrated that only drying and burning process of coconut shell is sufficient to obtain a solid ash-based catalyst with a high K 2 O content.…”

Synthesis of SrO.SiO2 Catalyst and Its Application in the Transesterification Reactions of Soybean Oil

“…Biodiesel yield is 90 % in 20 minutes, and the SrO weakness is still homogeneous, so it is necessary to add a support such as SiO2 [4]. The modification of SrO catalyst is made by formulating SrO with Musa Balbisiana Colla Underground Stem (MBCUS) to form agglomeration [5]. The result is used to synthesize biodiesel oils with a high free fatty acid level through esterification and transesterification reaction.…”