Photonics technology is critical in a variety of industries, including manufacturing, medicine, alternative energy, aircraft, and communications. It is concerned with the manipulation and control of light, which manifests as radiant energy known as photons. Band gaps in photonic crystals make it easier to shape and mould light. Various materials, including graphene, can be smoothly combined to increase the flexibility of photonics applications. This technology finds use in a variety of devices, including LEDs, photodetectors, photovoltaic devices, and others. This article will dive into the latest discoveries and applications in the subject of photonics. By providing a complete analysis of the state-of-the-art, it aims to shed light on how photonics technology continues to alter and progress numerous industries, propelling us towards a future lighted by its limitless possibilities.