Fostering Engagement and Independence

Anderson, Lynda A.; Prohaska, Thomas R.

doi:10.1177/1090198114547818

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Recent years, populations are growing older in nearly all the countries of the world especially in China [ 19 ]. Ageing process could reflect some extent of socioeconomic development, for instance the health problems of the aging of population have been a great challenge to social development [ 20 , 21 ]. Many studies have indicated that the elderly as a group are the greatest adult users of the health care system due to poor health [ 22 – 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the equity of medical services utilization for elderly enrolled in different basic social medical insurance systems in an underdeveloped city of Southwest China

Chen

Liu

2018

Int J Equity Health

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BackgroundThe equity of medical services utilization for elderly individuals enrolled in different basic social medical insurance systems holds significant meaning for social harmony against a background of demographic aging and a growing wealth gap in China. This study is to explore the equity of the three medical insurance systems in southwest China with the aim of providing recommendations for relevant policy.MethodsA total of 9600 elderly people insured through basic social medical insurance were selected and interviewed with a questionnaire. This study used a binary logistic regression model to investigate the effect of household income for medical services utilization and adopted a concentration index to measure the inequity of medical services utilization among elderly participants enrolled in different medical insurance categories.ResultsOutpatient services utilization was almost identical in the different insurance systems (78.5%, 77.7% and 78.6%). There were no statistically significant differences according to income level in the Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance (UEBMI) and Urban Resident Basic Medical Insurance (URBMI) programs, but in the New Cooperative Medical Scheme (NCMS), higher-income groups tended to utilize more services. The corresponding concentration index (CI) values were 0.0162, 0.0173 and 0.0179 respectively. The NCMS showed a lower hospitalization rate than UEBMI and URBMI (17.7% vs 24.2% and 24.9%). The higher income group utilized hospitalization more, regardless of the insurance system. The corresponding CI values were 0.0817, 0.0605 and 0.0319 respectively.ConclusionThe equity of medical services utilization for elderly exist in all three health insurance systems, in particular, the inequities in utilization of hospitalization were more severe than outpatient services. UEBMI and URBMI were better than NCMS in the equity of outpatient services. Although NCMS was more equitable than URBMI and UEBMI in terms of hospitalization, this was based on “overall low utilization of hospitalization regardless of income levels” in NCMS compared with URBMI and UEBMI. The disparities of the three basic social medical insurance systems should be eliminated. For low-income residents, specific insurance policies including reducing deductible, covering more medical service and increasing reimbursement ratio could be considered.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the equity of medical services utilization for elderly enrolled in different basic social medical insurance systems in an underdeveloped city of Southwest China

Chen

Liu

2018

Int J Equity Health

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“…Continuous engagement in roles helps form a role identity that then becomes a key part of a person’s identity (Burke & Tully, 1977). Volunteering may alleviate loss of roles experienced during retirement by promoting civic engagement (L. A. Anderson & Prohaska, 2014).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Volunteering may alleviate loss of roles experienced during retirement by promoting civic engagement (L. A. Anderson & Prohaska, 2014). Volunteering is defined as, "Time individuals give without pay to activities performed either through an organization or directly for others outside their own household" (International Labour Organization, 2011, p. 13) and supports societal economic and health benefits, including increases in longevity and standard of living (Shmotkin et al, 2003).Past evidence suggests that volunteering may play an important role in reducing age-related cognitive decline, especially after retirement (Rohwedder & Willis, 2010).…”

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Who Volunteers? Results From an Internet-Based Cognitive Monitoring Study of Community-Based Older Adults

et al. 2022

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Objectives. Volunteering promotes well-being and may provide added purpose to life after retirement. Limited evidence exists regarding the characteristics and study adherence among those who participate in longitudinal studies while also volunteering outside the study. We assessed characteristics and adherence of older adults who volunteered outside of participation in a regular monthly cognitive monitoring study. Method. All 124 participants with complete data were included. Participants were from a regular cognitive monitoring study that required completion of a 15-min monthly online cognitive assessment. Analysis of covariance and logistic regression analysis were performed to examine differences between volunteers and nonvolunteers. Results. Those who volunteered outside the study were significantly less likely to be college-educated (although all participants were highly educated) but the two groups were cognitively similar. Volunteers had significantly lower scores for neuroticism. Those who volunteered also were significantly less likely to drop out but had poorer study adherence. The most frequent type of volunteering was religious activities. Volunteers were motivated mainly by altruism, although most reported multiple reasons. Conclusion. Older adults who enroll in a longitudinal research study and volunteer outside the study have similar personal characteristics as those who opt out of additional volunteering, with somewhat less education and more favorable personality traits. However, they may be more likely to drop out and need more reminders. Therefore, those who volunteer outside a study may need more attention from study administrators and potentially a more individualized schedule that works around their volunteer obligations.

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Investing in Health to Create a Third Demographic Dividend

Fried

2016

GERONT

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The world is aging as a result of unprecedented successes worldwide adding 30 years of life expectancy and presenting great opportunities for all of society, but only if we invest effectively. This article, written as a requested background article for the World Health Organization 2015 World Report on Aging, proposes that creating health into the oldest ages could lay the basis for a third demographic dividend resulting from the societal benefits from the generative social capital of older adults, on top of the second demographic dividend's savings associated with longer lives. The combination would contribute to stronger and wealthier societies, greater success of the young, and increased societal ability to provide the humane supports needed at the end of life, plus a dividend that would endure. We now know that prevention works at every age and into the oldest ages. A life-course approach to prevention and health promotion is the key investment. The creation of geriatrically knowledgeable and integrated public health, medical and social care systems has the potential to amplify capabilities and well-being to the end of life. Healthy older populations bring both desire for engagement and unique talents. Institutions designed to create impactful roles for older adults to contribute to the success of the young can activate the societal benefits and further enhance health at older ages. Creating a new vision for the opportunities of an older age is the first critical step toward experiencing the benefits of our longer lives and creating a sustained third demographic dividend.

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Fostering Engagement and Independence

Cited by 7 publications

References 19 publications

Study on the equity of medical services utilization for elderly enrolled in different basic social medical insurance systems in an underdeveloped city of Southwest China

Study on the equity of medical services utilization for elderly enrolled in different basic social medical insurance systems in an underdeveloped city of Southwest China

Who Volunteers? Results From an Internet-Based Cognitive Monitoring Study of Community-Based Older Adults

Investing in Health to Create a Third Demographic Dividend

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