Founder populations and the current status of exotic parrots in South Africa

Symes, Craig T.

doi:10.2989/00306525.2014.921866

Cited by 26 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Single individuals were observed in the provinces of Alicante, Barcelona, Madrid, Málaga, Seville and Valencia, and two individuals were observed in Mallorca (Balearic Islands). Additional records include three A. amazonica individuals (provinces of Tenerife,Seville and Vizcaya, in 2013-2015) and three A. ochrocephala(Tenerife, in 2013 and2014). A pair of A. leucocephala was also recorded in 1997 in Tenerife, successfully breeding in 1998.…”

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confidence: 99%

Worldwide distribution of non–native Amazon parrots and temporal trends of their global trade

Mori¹,

Grandi²,

Menchetti³

et al. 2017

Anim. Biodiv. Conserv.

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Worldwide distribution of non-native Amazon parrots and temporal trends of their global trade.-Alien species are the second leading cause of the global biodiversity crisis, after habitat loss and fragmentation. Popular pet species, such as parrots and parakeets (Aves, Psittaciformes), are often introduced outside their native range as a result of the pet trade. On escape from captivity, some such species, such as the ring-necked parakeet and the monk parakeet, are highly invasive and successfully compete with native species. Populations of Amazon parrots (Amazona spp.) can be found throughout the world, but data on their status, distribution and impact are incomplete. We gathered and reviewed the available information concerning global trade, distribution, abundance and ecology of Amazon parrots outside their native range. Our review shows that at least nine species of Amazon parrots have established populations outside their original range of occurrence throughout the world (in Europe, South Africa, the Caribbean islands, Hawaii, and North and South America). Their elusive behaviour and small population size suggest that the number of alien nuclei could be underestimated or at undetected. Despite international trade bans, the large trade of wild-caught Amazon parrots in past decades appears to have contributed to the establishment of alien populations worldwide. Establishment success seems to differ geographically. While European populations are still small and growing slowly, USA populations are large and expanding geographically. This difference is not related to large propagule pressure (trade) but possibly to a better niche match between native and introduced ranges. Amazona aestiva is the most frequently encountered Amazona parrot, with at least eight alien populations reported to date. All these populations, with the exception of those in the USA where the climate is more suitable for their establishment, are composed of a low number of individuals even though they have been established for a long period of time. Further research is required as little information is available on the ecology and potential impact of these alien populations. ResumenDistribución en el mundo de los loros introducidos del género Amazona y tendencias temporales de su comercio a escala mundial.-Las especies exóticas son la segunda causa de la crisis de biodiversidad mundial, precedida por la pérdida y la fragmentación del hábitat. Algunas especies populares como mascotas, como los loros y las cotorras (Aves, Psittaciformes) suelen introducirse fuera de su área de distribución nativa a consecuencia del comercio de animales de compañía. Si escapan de su cautiverio, algunas de estas especies, como la cotorra de Kramer y la cotorra argentina, son sumamente invasivas y compiten con las especies autóctonas. Las poblaciones de loros del género Amazona pueden encontrarse en todo el mundo, pero los datos relativos a su estado, distribución y efectos son incompletos. Recopilamos y examinamos la información disponible relativa a la ecología,...

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confidence: 99%

Worldwide distribution of non–native Amazon parrots and temporal trends of their global trade

Mori¹,

Grandi²,

Menchetti³

et al. 2017

Anim. Biodiv. Conserv.

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“…Moreover, most of them, especially those whose populations are increasing, occur in urban habitats and nearby novel forests. To our knowledge, Puerto Rico has the highest number of wild observed and established exotic parrot species in the world based on surveys in other places where parrot populations occur (e.g., Runde, Pitt & Foster, 2007 ; Mori et al, 2013 ; Symes, 2014 ). Finally, based on population sizes and geographical range within the island, white-winged parakeets and monk parakeets are the most successful Psittaciformes in Puerto Rico.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From the cage to the wild: introductions of Psittaciformes to Puerto Rico

Falcón

Tremblay

2018

PeerJ

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Introduced psittacine birds can become highly invasive. In this study, we assessed invasions of Psittaciformes in Puerto Rico. We reviewed the literature, public databases, citizen science records, and performed in situ population surveys across the island to determine the historical and current status and distribution of psittacine species. We used count data from Ebird to determine population trends. For species whose populations were increasing, we modelled their potential distribution using niche modeling techniques. We found 46 Psittaciformes in Puerto Rico, of which 26% are only present as pets, at least 29 species have been reported in the wild, and of those, there is evidence that at least 12 species are breeding. Our results indicate that most introduced species which have been detected as established still persist, although mostly in localized areas and small populations. Clear evidence of invasiveness was found for Brotogeris versicolurus and Myiopsitta monachus, which have greatly expanded their range in recent years. Psittacara erythrogenys and Eupsittacula canicularis also showed population increases, although to a lesser degree. The niche models predicted suitable areas for the four species, and also indicate the potential for range expansion. We discuss the factors leading to invasion success, assess the potential impacts, and we discuss possible management strategies and research prospects.

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“…Records include 1850 for Cape Town and birds were common in Durban by the 1970s (Picker and Griffiths 2011). In South Africa, Rose-ringed Parakeet populations are rapidly expanding their range (Symes 2014), with animals established in Gauteng (Roche and Bedford-Shaw 2008), Pietermaritzburg, Cape Town, Steytlerville (in the Eastern Cape), and Durban where the population currently occupies~730 km 2 with four main roosts of between 20 and 100 birds (Hart and Downs 2014).…”

Section: Psittacula Krameri (Rose-ringed Parakeet)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Terrestrial Vertebrate Invasions in South Africa

Measey

Hui

Somers

2020

Biological Invasions in South Africa

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In this chapter we review the current knowledge on terrestrial vertebrate invasions in South Africa. Thirty species of mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians are considered to have arrived over the last 10,000 years, with two thirds having become invasive in the last 150 years. Half of the species are mammals, a third birds, with three reptiles and two amphibians. Although there are multiple pathways, there appears to be a trend from species that were deliberately introduced in the past, to accidental introductions in the last~100 years, which are a by-product of increasing trade, both internationally and within South Africa. Few invasive terrestrial vertebrate species have had their impacts formally assessed within South Africa, but international assessments suggest that many can have Moderate or Major environmental and socioeconomic impacts. Of particular concern is the growing demand for alien pets within the region, with increasing amounts of escapees being encountered in the wild. We consider the importance that the NEM: BA Alien and Invasive Species Regulations have had on the research of invasive terrestrial vertebrates in South Africa, and emphasise the importance of regulations for domestic exotics.

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Founder populations and the current status of exotic parrots in South Africa

Cited by 26 publications

References 57 publications

Worldwide distribution of non–native Amazon parrots and temporal trends of their global trade

Worldwide distribution of non–native Amazon parrots and temporal trends of their global trade

From the cage to the wild: introductions of Psittaciformes to Puerto Rico

Terrestrial Vertebrate Invasions in South Africa

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