Four-electrode impedance spectrometer for investigation of solid ion conductors

Abstract

An impedance spectrometer capable of accurately measuring solid ion conducting sample impedance spectra by two- or four-electrode methods in either time or frequency domain has been built. The four-electrode measurement mode is implemented by constructing a differential amplifier with a very high input impedance and common mode rejection ratio over a wide frequency range. All of the measurements can be performed in frequencies ranging from 10 Hz to 2 MHz and sample temperatures up to 800 K. The working principle of the spectrometer as well as its technical parameters and accuracy estimation are presented in this paper. The advantage of four-electrode over two-electrode measurement mode is shown by an example of Ce(0.9)Gd(0.1)O(1.95) solid electrolyte ceramic impedance measurements.

SEM/EDX, XPS, and impedance spectroscopy of LiFePO₄ and LiFePO₄/C ceramics

“…Investigation of electrical properties of LiFePO 4 /C samples was performed in nitrogen gas in the frequency range from 1 Hz to 5 MHz by a two-probe method (Solartron 1260 analyser). Investigation of electrical properties of LiFePO 4 was performed in air in the 1-1•10 6 Hz frequency range by two-and four-probe methods (as described in [11]), and the measurements in the frequency range of 3 • 10 5 -3•10 9 Hz were performed as described in [12].…”

Preparation and Characterization of Solid Electrolytes Based on TiP2O7Pyrophosphate

“…XRD patterns were investigated using Cu Ka 1 radiation in the 2u region of 10-70 degrees with step size of 0.01 degree and scan ) and complex dielectric permittivity (ẽ D e 0 ¡ ie 00 )) of the ceramics were carried out in air in the temperature interval of 400 K to 720 K and in the frequency range from 10 Hz to 3 GHz. The impedance spectrometer was used for the electrical measurements in the low frequency range up to 2 MHz by 2-probe method [17], while in the microwave region a setup with a coaxial line connected to Agilent E5062A network analyzer was used [18]. Platinum paste (Gwent Electronics Materials Ltd.) was used to prepare electrodes on cylindrical samples.…”

Characterization of Na1.3Al0.3Zr1.7(PO4)3 solid electrolyte ceramics by impedance spectroscopy

“…e l s e v i e r . c o m / l o c a t e / s s i 300-500 K. Two impedance spectrometers were used, the one allows one to obtain impedance spectra in the microwave frequency range and it is based on the measurements of a coaxial line with a sample [23] and the other one operates in the low frequency range by the vector voltmeter-ammeter method [24]. The analysis of the spectra was performed with the absolute values of measured impedances and capacitances normalized into intrinsic ones (impedances multiplied by corresponding geometrical ratio S/d and capacitances multiplied by d/S, where S is an area and d is a thickness of a sample).…”