Four-Element/Eight-Port MIMO Antenna System With Diversity and Desirable Radiation for Sub 6 GHz Modern 5G Smartphones

Abstract

In this manuscript, a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna array system with identical compact antenna elements providing wide radiation and diversity function is introduced for sub 6 GHz fifth-generation (5G) cellular applications. The introduced design contains four pairs of miniaturized square-loop resonators with dual-polarization and independently coupled T-shaped feed lines which have been placed symmetrically at the edge corners of the smartphone mainboard with an overall size of 75 mm × 150 mm. Therefore, in total, the introduced array design encompasses four pairs of horizontally and vertically polarized resonators. The elements are very compact and utilize at 3.6 GHz, a potential 5G candidate band. In order to improve the frequency bandwidth and radiation coverage, a square slot has been placed and excited under each loop resonator. Desirable isolation has been observed for the adjacent elements without any decoupling structures. Therefore, they can be considered self-isolated elements. The presented smartphone antenna not only exhibits desirable radiation but also supports different polarizations at various sides of the printed circuit board (PCB). It exhibits good bandwidth of 400 MHz (3.4-3.8 GHz), high-gain patterns, improved radiation coverage, and low ECC/TARC (better than 0.004 and -30 dB at 3.6 GHz, respectively). Experimental measurements were conducted on an array manufactured on a standard smartphone board. The simulated properties of this MIMO array are compared with the measurements, and it is found that they are in good agreement. Furthermore, the introduced smartphone array offers adequate efficiency in both the user interface and components integrated into the device. As a result, it could be suitable for 5G handheld devices.

Isolation enhancement of distinct element dual polarized compact MIMO antenna for 5G/WLAN application

“…1 Wireless cellular (4G) systems are upgraded to support high data transfer rates. 2 The 5th generation (5G) networks have been developed to address these issues and offer several benefits, including extremely high data rates, less latency, low multipath fading, outstanding reliability, and more channel capacity. 3 There needs to be more than one antenna to provide the abovementioned number of benefits in 5G.…”

“…Various designs for handheld device antennas for 5G applications have recently been available at frequencies below 6 GHz. However, these antennae use single‐polarized and a small radiation coverage or take up large amounts of space 2 . The Substrate‐integrated waveguide‐based analysis of half mode substrate integrated waveguide (SIW), 17 quarter mode SIW, 18 self‐multiplexing, 19–22 and dual‐polarized antenna 2,23,24 are widely used to minimize antenna footprint.…”

“…In recent years, the rapid development of accessible wireless communication demanded consistently high data rates and quality of service 1 . Wireless cellular (4G) systems are upgraded to support high data transfer rates 2 . The 5th generation (5G) networks have been developed to address these issues and offer several benefits, including extremely high data rates, less latency, low multipath fading, outstanding reliability, and more channel capacity 3 .…”

Dual-feed Orthogonally Polarized Compact 8-element MIMO Antenna Using Metallic Stub and Decoupling Unit for Isolation Enhancement of Sub-6 GHz 5G Application

“…Dual-feed antenna is used in modern MIMO communication systems to reduce antenna footprint. More than one port in a single radiator [22] or dual polarized radiators have orthogonal feeds typically found in handheld electronics [23][24][25]. The dual-feed MIMO structure was reported to minimize the size * Corresponding author: Venkatesan Rajeshkumar (vrajeshme@gmail.com).…”

Sub 6 GHz Smartphone Antenna with Dual-Band Monopole Resonators for 5G Communications

“…To address these issues, future 5G networks incorporate Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems, combining multiple inputs and outputs to achieve high transmission speeds, data rates, and throughput [6][7]. MIMO technology enables increased data rates, capacity, and coverage by mitigating multipath fading and minimizing coupling among antenna elements [8][9][10]. In the realm of mobile and cellular communications, microstrip and printed antennas are widely used due to their compact sizes and simple structures, enhancing their appeal [11][12][13][14][15].…”