Four-flux model of the light scattering in porous varnish and paint layers: towards understanding the visual appearance of altered blanched easel oil paintings

Genty-Vincent, Anaïs; Song, Théo Phan Van; Menu, Michel

doi:10.1007/s00339-017-1092-1

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…A modelling of the color produced by a system composed of magnetite nanoparticles dispersed on a white substrate has been carried out in Godet (2017). This modelling, based on 4-flux calculations, described in details in Genty-Vincent et al (2017), has shown that the color produced by such a system is ochre beige, indicating therefore that the presence of nano-spheres of magnetite on the gypsum substrate surface can contribute to the yellowing effect. Several others iron oxides such as goethite α-FeOOH, lepidocrocite γ-FeOOH or maghemite γ-Fe2O3 have yelloworange tonalities but none of these compounds have been identified in the present investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Nanoscale investigation by TEM and STEM-EELS of the laser induced yellowing

Godet

Vergès‐Belmin

Gauquelin

et al. 2018

Micron

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Nd-YAG QS laser cleaning of soiled stone at 1064 nm can sometimes result in a more yellow appearance compared to other cleaning techniques. Especially in France, this yellowing effect is still considered as a major aesthetic issue by the architects and conservators. One explanation states that the yellowing is linked to the formation of iron-rich nanophase(s) through the laser beam interaction with black crusts that would re-deposit on the cleaned substrate after irradiation. To characterize these nanophases, a model crust containing hematite was elaborated and laser irradiated using a Nd-YAG QS laser. The color of the sample shifted instantaneously from red to a bright yellow and numerous particles were ablated in a visible smoke. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to examine the morphology and the crystallinity of the neo-formed compounds, both on the surface of the samples and in the ablated materials. In addition, an investigation of the chemical and structural properties of the nanophases was conducted by X-ray dispersive energy (EDX) and electron energy loss (EELS) spectroscopies. It was found that both the surface of the sample and the ablated materials are covered by crystallized nano-spheres and nano-residues, all containing iron and oxygen, sometimes along with calcium and sulfur. In particular an interfacial area containing the four elements was evidenced between some nanostructures and the substrate. Magnetite FeO was also identified at the nanoscale. This study demonstrates that the laser yellowing of a model crust is linked to the presence of iron-rich nanophases including CaFeSO nanostructures and magnetite FeO at the surface after irradiation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Nanoscale investigation by TEM and STEM-EELS of the laser induced yellowing

Godet

Vergès‐Belmin

Gauquelin

et al. 2018

Micron

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“…Ainsi, un réseau de craquelures n'est pas une structure figée dans le temps. Il évolue avec les contraintes extérieures et peut aussi influer sur l'apparition et le développement d'autres types de dégradations comme les chancis [8]. De manière générale, toute action de restauration sur une oeuvre va modifier la perception que nous en avons.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Craquelures et art : le temps et la matière

Giorgiutti-Dauphiné¹,

Pauchard²

2019

Reflets phys.

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On s’intéresse à la matière qui constitue une peinture d’art, c’est-à-dire une succession de couches picturales déposées sur un support. Cet ensemble est complexe de par sa composition et sa géométrie (différentes couches superposées). Il est le siège de nombreux phénomènes physiques et chimiques qui apparaissent à plusieurs moments dans la vie de l’œuvre. Différents types de dégradations altèrent ou modifient la perception du tableau au cours du temps. Les craquelures sont parmi les plus apparentes. Leur étude permet de caractériser certaines propriétés mécaniques de la matière constituant la peinture et ainsi de révéler de nombreux secrets sur l’œuvre. Le réseau de craquelures constitue donc « l’empreinte digitale d’un tableau » et en cela peut aider à authentifier des œuvres.

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“…Therefore, the color reproduction of the underlying media surface is monitored and correlated with the microscopic image of the printed surface, and it is obvious from the correlation between chromaticity and the microscopic image that the chromaticity of the color samples on the surface of the underlying media fluctuates more, while the noncolor color samples are more flat. The chromaticity fluctuation also becomes larger with the increase in the number of printed layers [26,27]. The average chromaticity is correlated with the image-based metrics to improve the color reproduction prediction under different objective metrics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pigment Penetration Characterization of Colored Boundaries in Powder-Based Color 3D Printing

et al. 2022

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Color 3D printing has widely affected our daily lives; therefore, its precise control is essential for aesthetics and performance. In this study, four unique test plates were printed using powder-based full-color 3D printing as an example; moreover, the corresponding pigment-penetration depth, chromaticity value and image-based metrics were measured to investigate the lateral pigment penetration characteristics and relative surface-color reproduction of each color patch, and to perform an objective analysis with specific microscopic images. The results show that the lateral pigment-penetration depth correlates with the number of printed layers on the designed 3D test plates, and the qualitative analysis of microscopic images can explain the change in chromaticity well. Meanwhile, there is an obvious linear correlation between the mean structural similarity, color-image difference and color difference for current color samples. Thus, our proposed approach has a good practicality for powder-based color 3D printing, and can provide new insight into predicting the color-presentation efficiency of color 3D-printed substrates by the abovementioned objective metrics.

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Four-flux model of the light scattering in porous varnish and paint layers: towards understanding the visual appearance of altered blanched easel oil paintings

Cited by 14 publications

References 7 publications

Nanoscale investigation by TEM and STEM-EELS of the laser induced yellowing

Nanoscale investigation by TEM and STEM-EELS of the laser induced yellowing

Craquelures et art : le temps et la matière

Pigment Penetration Characterization of Colored Boundaries in Powder-Based Color 3D Printing

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