Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy as a tool for identifying the unique characteristic bands of lipid in oilseed components: Confirmed via Ethiopian indigenous desert date fruit

Mekonnen, Kedir D

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14699

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…But, there is a clear variation between the WCO and biodiesel products spectra's in the fingerprint region due to the stretching vibration of C–O bond and formation of new functional groups [ 4 ]. This reasonably infers the removal of glycerol backbone of triglycerides from the broad convex-like bands, and the unique sharp peak associated with the substitution of methoxyl groups (O–CH 3 ) in the FAME through trans -esterification reaction were observed at around 1016 cm −1 [ 4 , 46 ]. In addition, the broad band OH-stretching in the WCO which is transformed into somehow straight line in the biodiesel products could be predominantly linked with the acid value of the precursor, and reduced because of the Tran-esterification system.…”

Section: Results and Discusionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Valorization of calcium hypochlorite precipitate as a new source of heterogeneous catalyst development for biodiesel production: A preliminary experiment

Mekonnen,

Hailemariam

2023

Heliyon

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Section: Results and Discusionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Valorization of calcium hypochlorite precipitate as a new source of heterogeneous catalyst development for biodiesel production: A preliminary experiment

Mekonnen,

Hailemariam

2023

Heliyon

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“…The shifting of WCO into the corresponding FAME was confirmed with FTIR spectroscopy by chemically mapping components in a specific wavelength range within the sample. Most of the fundamental distinctive bands that compose biodiesel are found in the area known as the fingerprint within the range of 1400 and 600 cm –1 . , Many of the prominent bands on biodiesel and WCO represent the same functional groups, irrespective of being weak and/or strong bands (Table and Figure ). However, a perfect difference between the biodiesel and WCO is observed in the fingerprint region, particularly at around 1016 cm –1 because of the methoxyl group (O–CH 3 ) substitution for the cracked glycerol backbone of the WCO in the biodiesel.…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

OH-Impregnated Household Bleach-Making Sediments for the Catalysis of Waste Cooking Oil Transesterification: Parameter Optimization

Mekonnen,

Yesuf

2024

ACS Omega

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Industrial and academic societies have been bothered with the generation and subsequent management of residues settled out from household bleach, due to its corrosive properties. Therefore, the aim of this research was to introduce a NaOH-impregnated calcium-based solid catalyst from the aforementioned sediments for waste cooking oil transesterification. To prepare the catalyst (RC-ITB), the wet impregnation technique was followed and successfully characterized via X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence(XRF), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) methods. The study findings suggested that RC-ITB has a BET surface area of 9.312 m2 g–1 and is largely made up of calcium with its compound forms such as carbonates, hydroxides, and oxides. The evaluation of pH values verified that RC-ITB is more alkaline (i.e., pH = 12.65) relative to its precursor RC (pH = 10.66), largely attributable to OH impregnation. To study the catalytic performance, three numeric factors with three levels of treatment were used, and their influences were analyzed through a response surface approach. Accordingly, the optimal yield of biodiesel was found to be 80.04% at a reaction temperature of 61 ± 2 °C, catalyst weight of 6.33 wt %, and a molar ratio of 23.94. Moreover, FTIR analysis verified that the glycerol part of triglycerides had been replaced with a methoxyl unit. Also, the fuel quality parameters of the FAME product were examined, including density, kinematic viscosity, acid value, density, cetane number, cloud point, saponification value, and pour point; all of these values fall within the ASTM D6751-accepted limits. Thus, the findings showed that the sediments of household bleach production could be a candidate source to explore heterogeneous basic catalysts.

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“…The environment is worsening and worldwide energy scarcity is increasing rapidly due to rapid industrial and metropolitan growth. − The high energy demand is largely satisfied with the use of nonrenewable resources originating from coal, petroleum, and natural gas, which depletes and exhausted gradually. , Apart from gradual depletion, the use of nonrenewable resources has led to atmospheric pollution and global warming. − As a result, researchers worldwide have become motivated in terms of developing clean renewable alternative energy sources that could be readily available, environmentally sustainable, technologically feasible, and techno-economically competitive for socioeconomic prosperity. ,− Previously, wide-ranging research has been performed to explore alternative energies for fossil resources, mainly focused on wind, hydropower, and solar . But, according to the 21st Century Renewable Energy Policy Network (REN 21), the production of biodiesel has been superior to that of other biofuels and could be an alternative fuel. ,,− …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative Methods for Biodiesel Cetane Number Valuation: A Technical Note

Mekonnen,

Endris,

Abdu

2024

ACS Omega

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Biodiesel is an environmentally beneficial and clean energy source that may replace fossil fuels, which are detrimental to the environment and cannot be replenished. Therefore, the physicochemical parameters of biodiesel must be determined in order to verify its quality. The cetane number is a crucial dimensionless fuel property that gauges the fuel ignition quality in power diesel engines. A higher cetane number results in a shorter ignition delay time, and vice versa. Biodiesel’s cetane number may fluctuate due to a variety of fatty acid compositions, including variations in carbon chain length and the degree of unsaturation. The cetane number generally increases with increasing saturation and chain length, while it decreases as chain length is reduced and degrees of unsaturation and branching increase. This is the main reason for why alkanes possess a higher cetane number than alkenes and aromatics. The standard protocols for evaluating the cetane number of biodiesel are ASTM D613 and ISO 5165 test techniques using a monocylindrical cetane engine. However, adhering to these conventional procedures is quite challenging and time-consuming, and the cetane number test result may also be affected by the presence of certain gases and fumes. As a result, many researchers are bothered with cetane number valuation, and occasionally they skip it due to a lack of other options. Consequently, the aim of this paper is to present a set of more straightforward and relevant alternative techniques that can be applied to predict the cetane number of biodiesel when engine-based measurement is not practical. The three techniques with their designed pictographic outlooks conferred in this article include color indicator titration, aniline point, and fatty acid composition-based methods. The reported values of these procedures meet the minimum cut point of the biodiesel cetane number required by ASTM D6751 (≥47) and exhibit minimal variation from the typical standard methods. Nevertheless, the above-mentioned techniques are not applicable to other alternative biofuels except biodiesel products because they have a direct implication on the characteristics of the fatty acid profiles of different oil precursors, such as carbon chain length, degree of saturation or unsaturation, and aromaticity, which make up monoalkyl esters.

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Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy as a tool for identifying the unique characteristic bands of lipid in oilseed components: Confirmed via Ethiopian indigenous desert date fruit

Cited by 12 publications

References 10 publications

Valorization of calcium hypochlorite precipitate as a new source of heterogeneous catalyst development for biodiesel production: A preliminary experiment

Valorization of calcium hypochlorite precipitate as a new source of heterogeneous catalyst development for biodiesel production: A preliminary experiment

OH-Impregnated Household Bleach-Making Sediments for the Catalysis of Waste Cooking Oil Transesterification: Parameter Optimization

Alternative Methods for Biodiesel Cetane Number Valuation: A Technical Note

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