Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy vibrational bands study of Spinacia oleracea and Trigonella corniculata under biochar amendment in naturally contaminated soil

Abstract

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy detects functional groups such as vibrational bands like N-H, O-H, C-H, C = O (ester, amine, ketone, aldehyde), C = C, C = N (vibrational modes of a tetrapyrrole ring) and simply C = N. The FTIR of these bands is fundamental to the investigation of the effect of biochar (BC) treatment on structural changes in the chlorophyll molecules of both plants that were tested. For this, dried leaf of Spinacia oleracia (spinach) and Trigonella corniculata (fenugreek) were selected for FTIR spectral study of chlorophyll associated functional groups. The study’s primary goal was to investigate the silent features of infrared (IR) spectra of dried leave samples. The data obtained from the current study also shows that leaf chlorophyll can mask or suppress other molecules’ FITR bands, including proteins. In addition, the C = O bands with Mg and the C9 ketonic group of chlorophyll are observed as peaks at1600 (0%BC), 1650 (3%BC) and 1640, or near to1700 (5%BC) in spinach samples. In fenugreek, additional effects are observed in the FTIR spectra of chlorophyll at the major groups of C = C, C = O and C9 of the ketonic groups, and the vibrational bands are more evident at C-H and N-H of the tetrapyrrole ring. It is concluded that C-N bands are more visible in 5% BC treated spinach and fenugreek than in all other treatments. These types of spectra are useful in detecting changes or visibility of functional groups, which are very helpful in supporting biochemical data such as an increase in protein can be detected by more visibility of C-N bands in FTIR spectra.

Wheatgrass powder‐enriched functional pasta: Techno‐functional, phytochemical, textural, sensory, and structural characterization

“…The peaks observed between the regions of 3,200–3,650 cm −1 were attributed to the stretching vibration of O–H bond and peaks ranges between 3,700 and 3,900 cm −1 signifies the O–H group presence. The sample containing WGP showed a sharp peak at 1662.7 cm −1 which shows C=O Stretching that includes infrared absorption of phenolics and also shows the presence of chlorophyll content in the samples (Younis et al, 2021).…”

“…The sample containing WGP showed a sharp peak at 1662.7 cm À1 which shows C=O Stretching that includes infrared absorption of phenolics and also shows the presence of chlorophyll content in the samples (Younis et al, 2021).…”

Diminishing Heavy Metal Hazards of Contaminated Soil via Biochar Supplementation

“…Over the past few decades, many methods have been used as a new tool to overcome the seriousness of the pollutants in contaminated soil, including stabilizing, drilling, dumping, soil washing, and electro carbons [7,8]. The use of organic or inorganic materials for stabilizing HMs is considered a faster, more effective, and environmentally friendly management technique that reduces their mobility and bioavailability by transforming them into unavailable forms in agricultural soils [1,4,[9][10][11]. Among organic amendments, biochar is a carbon-rich amendment produced through the pyrolysis of the biomass [12].…”

Using mathematical models to evaluate germination rate and seedlings length of chickpea seed (Cicer arietinum L.) to osmotic stress at cardinal temperatures

“…After Turkey and India, Pakistan is the third largest commercial producer of chickpeas with a 7% segment in global production [ 3 , 4 ]. In Pakistan, chickpea covers 73% of the land and shares 76% of the gross production [ 5 , 6 ]. SG is the first and most complex morphological and physiological phase in the succession of plant development where many factors such as temperature, water potential, drought and flood affect it [ 7 ].…”