Fractional crystallization-induced variations in sulfides from the Noril’sk-Talnakh mining district (polar Siberia, Russia)

Duran, Charley J.; Barnes, Sarah‐Jane; Pleše, Pia; Prašek, Marko Kudrna; Zientek, Michael L.; Pagé, Philippe

doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2017.05.016

Cited by 71 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…A positive correlation between sulfur and copper for all types of rocks (figure 8 a) and a gradual increase in the concentrations of ore elements and sulfur towards the towards the bottom intrusion (see figure 2) is in agreement with the evolution of sulphide melt and fractionation of ore elements during its deposition [13]. So, there is a clear genetic relationship between the sulfide assemblages in disseminated ores and the type of the host gabbro-dolerites.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Mineralogical and geochemical feature of the disseminated ores of the southern part of the Noril’sk 1 deposit

Tolstykh

Shvedov²,

Polonyankin³

et al. 2017

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Abstract.The new data on the composition of disseminated sulphide ore in the southern part of the Noril'sk 1 deposit are obtained. It was found that a sulfur-poor assemblage: as Fe-rich (cubanite, mackinawite) and Cu-rich (talnakhite, bornite, chalcocite, native copper) minerals due to the evolution of two different fractions of sulphide melt is characteristic of picritic gabbro-dolerite. It has been formed at relatively low sulfur activity (lgfS 2 range from −12 to −11). And a high-sulfur assemblage (monoclinic pyrrhotite, pyrite and Ni-rich pentlandite) formed at higher sulfur activity (lgfS 2 range from −10.5 to −10) due to the pyrrhotitechalcopyrite fractionation of the sulphide melt is characteristic of olivine gabbro-dolerite. The ratios of Ni/Cu in the rocks decrease from picritic (Ni/Cu = 1.24 average) to olivine gabbrodolerites (Ni/Cu = 0.69 average). But the Ni/Fe ratios in pentlandite are increasing down the cross-section due to increase of sulfur fugacity during the evolution of ore-forming system. The Pd-parageneses vary along the cross-section top down as follows: Sn → Pb →As →Bi(Te) in picritic gabbro-dolerite and Sn →Sb →As →Te(Bi) in olivine gabbro-dolerite. There is a clear correlation between the sulfide and PGM assemblage and the type of the host rocks. IntroductionPlatinum-copper-nickel deposits of the Noril'sk region are located in the northwestern part of the Siberian platform and are associated with flood-basalt of Perm-Triassic age [1][2][3]. The Noril'sk 1 deposit is located in the northern part of the same name intrusion, confined to the Noril'skKharaelyakh fault in the Noril'sk Trough. Intrusion of Noril'sk I breaks the Carbon-Permian terrigenous deposits of the Tungusska Series and basalts of the Upper Permian-Lower Triassic age [2].Numerous works are devoted to the ores of the Noril'sk 1 deposit [5,[7][8][9][10]. Most of the works devoted to the massive ores or low-sulphide horizons, and only some of them are considering the disseminated ore of the Main Ore Horizon composed of picritic, taxitic, and lower olivine gabbrodolerites [7,11,12]. The features of sulfide mineralization in each unit have been characterized previously [2], however the task of establishing a correlation between the types of the host rocks and the chemical and mineral composition of ores is still relevant [3]. The new data on the composition of disseminated sulphide ore in the southern part of the Noril'sk 1 deposit are obtained on the basis of the samples study of the PH-14 borehole (figure 1). This borehole crosses all the rocks, alternating in a certain stratigraphic sequence which have been described earlier [1,2]. We studied samples of the lower part of the intrusion Noril'sk 1, composed of picritic and lower olivine gabbro-dolerites containing the disseminated Cu-Ni sulphide with the minerals of platinum group elements (PGM). The zoning (changes of geochemical feature, mineral parageneses and compositions of sulfides) from picritic gabbro-dolerite (821.2-902.0 m) to olivine gabbro-dolerite (902.0-938.1 m)...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Mineralogical and geochemical feature of the disseminated ores of the southern part of the Noril’sk 1 deposit

Tolstykh

Shvedov²,

Polonyankin³

et al. 2017

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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“…As solid solutions in the base metal sulfides, Rh is present in mss, Sn in iss.Minerals 2019, 9, 531 2 of 18 independent phases both with the main elements and with other trace elements. Since the Noril'sk ores are an important industrial source of the platinum group elements (PGE), intense research on the regularities of Ag-Au-PGE mineralization has been carried out [1][2][3][4][20][21][22][23][24].Most geologists assume that magmatic sulfide liquids are the source of PGE [2,4,10,25]. In [24], a hypothesis is presented about the pneumatolytic genesis of compounds of noble metals.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In [24], a hypothesis is presented about the pneumatolytic genesis of compounds of noble metals. Both hypotheses are based on the results of geochemical observations and on experimental data [1,2,4,10,[17][18][19][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. Fundamental knowledge about the behavior of noble metals is contained primarily in the phase diagram of the systems related to this problem (see the review in [36][37][38][39][40][41]).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Minerals 2019, 9, 531 2 of 18 independent phases both with the main elements and with other trace elements. Since the Noril'sk ores are an important industrial source of the platinum group elements (PGE), intense research on the regularities of Ag-Au-PGE mineralization has been carried out [1][2][3][4][20][21][22][23][24].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most geologists assume that magmatic sulfide liquids are the source of PGE [2,4,10,25]. In [24], a hypothesis is presented about the pneumatolytic genesis of compounds of noble metals.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Modeling of Noble and Chalcophile Elements Fractionation during Solidification of Cu-Fe-Ni-S Melt

et al. 2019

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We carried out a directed crystallization of a melt of the following composition (in mol. %): Fe 31.79, Cu 15.94, Ni 1.70, S 50.20, Sn 0.05, As 0.04, Pt, Pd, Rh, Ru, Ag, Au, Se, Te, Bi, and Sb by 0.03. The obtained cylindrical sample consisted of monosulfide solid solution (mss), nonstoichometric isocubanite (icb*), and three modifications of intermediate solid solution (iss 1 , iss 2 , iss 3 ) crystallized from the melt. The simultaneous formation of two types of liquids separated during cooling of the parent sulfide melt was revealed. In the first, concentrations of noble metals associated with Bi, Sb, and Te were found. The second is related to Cu and was found to contain a large amount of S in addition to Bi and Sb. We established the main types of inclusions formed during fractional crystallization of Pt-bearing sulfide melt. It was shown that noble metals are concentrated in inclusions in the form of RuS 2 , PdTe 2 , (Pt,Pd)Te 2 , PtRhAsS, and Ag 2 Se, doped with Ag, Cu, and Pd, in mss and in the form of PtAs 2 ; Au-doped with Ag, Cu, and Pd; Ag 2 Te; and Pd(Bi,Sb) x Te 1−x in icb* and iss. As solid solutions in the base metal sulfides, Rh is present in mss, Sn in iss.Minerals 2019, 9, 531 2 of 18 independent phases both with the main elements and with other trace elements. Since the Noril'sk ores are an important industrial source of the platinum group elements (PGE), intense research on the regularities of Ag-Au-PGE mineralization has been carried out [1][2][3][4][20][21][22][23][24].Most geologists assume that magmatic sulfide liquids are the source of PGE [2,4,10,25]. In [24], a hypothesis is presented about the pneumatolytic genesis of compounds of noble metals. Both hypotheses are based on the results of geochemical observations and on experimental data [1,2,4,10,[17][18][19][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. Fundamental knowledge about the behavior of noble metals is contained primarily in the phase diagram of the systems related to this problem (see the review in [36][37][38][39][40][41]). Useful information is contained in experimental data on the composition and structure of samples obtained by prolonged isothermal annealing of partially crystallized samples and further quenching to room temperature [30][31][32][36][37][38][39][40][41]. For example, in [36], diagrams of the following systems were described: Pd-Fe-S, Pd-Ni-S, Pd-Cu-S, Pd-Pt-S, Fe-Pt-S, Pt-Fe-As-S, Pt-Pd-As-S, Pd-Ni-As, Pd-Sb-Te, Pt-Pd-Sb, Pd-Bi-Te, Pd-Pt-Sb, and so on. In this case, the composition of the samples is chosen by the experimenter. By contrast, in our works, we studied samples obtained by directed crystallization of melts of a given composition [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. Usually, this method is applied in the case of gradual solidification of a cylindrical sample from one end to another. In this process, the melt is separated from the crystallized mass by a single interface-the crystallization front. The difference in the compositions of the melt and coexisting solid phases leads to fractionation of th...

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Ore-Forming Processes in the Aguablanca Ore Deposit

Piña

2018

SpringerBriefs in World Mineral Deposits

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Fractional crystallization-induced variations in sulfides from the Noril’sk-Talnakh mining district (polar Siberia, Russia)

Cited by 71 publications

References 90 publications

Mineralogical and geochemical feature of the disseminated ores of the southern part of the Noril’sk 1 deposit

Mineralogical and geochemical feature of the disseminated ores of the southern part of the Noril’sk 1 deposit

Experimental Modeling of Noble and Chalcophile Elements Fractionation during Solidification of Cu-Fe-Ni-S Melt

Ore-Forming Processes in the Aguablanca Ore Deposit

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