Fractionation of airborne particulate-bound elements in haze-fog episode and associated health risks in a megacity of southeast China

Li, Huiming; Wang, Qin’geng; Shao, Min; Wang, Jinhua; Wang, Cheng; Sun, Yanxin; Qian, Xin; Wu, Huadong; Yang, Meng; Li, Fengying

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2015.10.042

Cited by 87 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The descriptive statistics of the 12 studied elemental contents in PM 2.5 are listed in Table 2 . In general, the contents of Al, Pb, and Mn were generally higher than those of the other elements in PM 2.5 , which were consistent with previous studies [ 17 , 25 , 44 ]. The metal concentrations in PM 2.5 varied over sampling sites.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in PM2.5 in Zhejiang Province

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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The spatiotemporal characteristics and human health risks of 12 heavy metals (Al, As, Be, Cd, Cr, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, and Tl) in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in Zhejiang Province were investigated. The annual average PM2.5 concentration was 58.83 µg/m3 in 2015 in Zhejiang. Element contents in PM2.5 varied greatly with the season and locations. Al, Pb, and Mn were the most abundant elements among the studied metal(loid)s in PM2.5. The non-carcinogenic risks of the 12 elements through inhalation and dermal contact exposure were lower than the safe level for children and adults. However, there were potential non-carcinogenic risks of Tl, As, and Sb for children and Tl for adults through ingestion exposure. The carcinogenic risks from As, Be, Cd, Cr, Pb, and Ni through inhalation exposure were less than the acceptable level (1 × 10−4) for children and adults. Pb may carry a potential carcinogenic risk for both children and adults through ingestion. More attention should be paid to alleviate non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks posed by particle-bound toxic elements through ingestion exposure.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in PM2.5 in Zhejiang Province

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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“…The total hazard index did not exceed the value of 1 at all the examined points ( HI < 1). In addition, works by Li et al (2016) revealed no threat ( HI = 0.5) for children and adults due to exposure to the toxic metals As, Cd, Co, Cr(VI), Mn and Ni in mobile forms (F1 + F2), absorbed via the inhalation route with PM2.5 in the industrial territory of China. In the investigations conducted by Sun et al (2014), the hazard index ( HI ) exceeded the safe level of 1, reaching a value of 1.86.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fractionation of trace elements and human health risk of submicron particulate matter (PM1) collected in the surroundings of coking plants

Zajusz-Zubek

Radko

Mainka

2017

Environ Monit Assess

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Samples of PM1 were collected in the surroundings of coking plants located in southern Poland. Chemical fractionation provided information on the contents of trace elements As, Cd, Co, Cr, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb and Se in all mobile (F1-F3) and not mobile (F4) fractions of PM1 in the vicinity of large sources of emissions related to energochemical processing of coal during the summer. The determined enrichment factors indicate the influence of anthropogenic sources on the concentration of the examined elements contained in PM1 in the areas subjected to investigation. The analysis of health risk for the assumed scenario of inhabitant exposure to the toxic effect of elements, based on the values of the hazard index, revealed that the absorption of the examined elements contained in the most mobile fractions of particulate matter via inhalation by children and adults can be considered potentially harmless to the health of people inhabiting the surroundings of coking plants during the summer (HI < 1). It has been estimated that due to the inhalation exposure to carcinogenic elements, i.e., As, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni and Pb, contained in the most mobile fractions (F1 + F2) of PM1, approximately four adults and one child out of one million people living in the vicinity of the coking plants may develop cancer.

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“…The most common extracting solution for PM sequential extraction is deionized or ultrapure water, due to its high representativeness of the natural solubility processes taking place in the environment [16,19,22,24,[30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39]. Nevertheless, water extraction is affected by spontaneous pH changes of the solution, which in turn are influenced by the concentrations of ammonium sulfate and nitrate (secondary species) in PM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As for the separation of the extract from the solid residue, most extraction schemes rely on centrifugation, especially when more than two fractions are involved [6,22,[37][38][39][40]. In two-step extraction schemes, filtration is also quite common, as the filter may subsequently be digested for obtaining the second fraction [26,34]; nevertheless, a wide variety of filters and filtration systems exist, thus further reducing the comparability of results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of a sequential extraction procedure for trace elements in Arctic PM10

et al. 2020

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In this work, a two-step sequential extraction scheme for the determination of trace elements in Arctic PM10 samples was optimized by using two certified reference materials (CRMs). By means of an experimental design for qualitative variables, the five most common extracting solutions for particulate matter (PM) sequential extraction (high purity water (HPW), 0.032 M HNO3, 0.022 M HCl, 0.11 M CH3COOH, and 0.012 M CH3COOH/CH3COONH4 buffer) and two different extraction methods (stirring and ultrasounds) were compared. The purpose of the study was the identification of the procedure which gives the best estimation of the anthropogenic portion of the elements present in PM10 samples. The use of ultrasounds instead of stirring induced a low but significant decrease of the extraction of all the elements and a decrease in the repeatability of the procedure. Diluted HNO3 was the extractant which allowed to maximize the extraction of anthropogenic elements (As, Cd, Pb, Zn) with respect to crustal ones (Al, Si, Ti). The optimized procedure proved successful in avoiding contaminations and, therefore, suitable to be applied to PM samples having extremely low concentrations, such as samples collected in polar or other remote areas. The chosen procedure was applied to ten Arctic PM10 samples, allowing for a better identification of their sources. Indeed, it was possible to hypothesize that even though the concentrations of As, Cd, K, Mg, Mn, and Ni in spring and summer were different, their mobility and, therefore, their chemical form in the analyzed PM10 samples were probably similar.

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Fractionation of airborne particulate-bound elements in haze-fog episode and associated health risks in a megacity of southeast China

Cited by 87 publications

References 35 publications

Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in PM2.5 in Zhejiang Province

Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in PM2.5 in Zhejiang Province

Fractionation of trace elements and human health risk of submicron particulate matter (PM1) collected in the surroundings of coking plants

Optimization of a sequential extraction procedure for trace elements in Arctic PM10

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