Fraud, Corruption and Sport

Abstract

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The Impact of Sports Corruption on Economic Performance Aspects of Egyptian Football

“…This is consistent with Chiweshe (2014), that referees are playing a major role in expansion ing sports corruption practices in African football, in which referees and linesmen are bought by air from all over Africa and Europe specially to disrupt games. This is also assured with Brooks et al (2013), that referees conspire to manipulate football matches' results in order to obtain illegal payments, and this what causes majority of damages occurred in football integrity.…”

“…It also showed that sports organizations recognized that "sports fraud" should be described as a criminal offense specified in national legislation across Europe, beside the necessity of sports organizer's right in betting revenues as a source of football financing. Brooks et al (2013), aimed to identify types of fraud and corruption within commercial era of "modern" football in the international context, which indicated that tickets that are sold at market price instead of ticket's actual face value comes at the forefront of sports corruption types, in addition to illegal websites that take advantage of market gaps to disappear before police do anything with them. This study also showed that football agents dodging from paying the fees and potential taxes and also dodging from having a license, those were the most obvious corruption methods.…”

“…Where, these clubs and national associations are running largely unprofessionally, in addition to political interference that (in some cases) created a complex social F context in terms of cultural and political and economic spaces, which in turn intersect together to produce so small evolution in football game as vibrant trading entity (Chiweshe, 2014). Brooks et al (2013) refer that, fraud and corruption can destroy sport commercial success, because this is offset by a loss of integrity in any sport. Here, commercial interests of economic institutions seek behind new ways of advertising and withdrawing or reducing their sport sponsorship.…”

Sport and Crime

“…Italian soccer offers a quintessential example. Brooks et al, (2013) highlight that in 2006, a number of prominent clubs in the top division of Italian soccer, notably champions Juventus, were implicated in a scandal that has become known as Calciopoli (Football City). Five clubs were accused by prosecutors of the Italian soccer association of rigging games by selecting referees considered favorable to their clubs and therefore officiating to the advantage of their respective teams.…”

“…This assertion has been reinforced by the scholarly community (see Di Ronco & Lavorgna, 2014;Harberfeld & Sheehan, 2013;Hill, 2010Hill, , 2013Hill, , 2015. Furthermore, Eaton postulated that although match-fixing was still driven by sporting factors (i.e., the pursuit of promotion and avoidance of relegation), this motivation had been eclipsed by financial incentives linked to gambling (see Brooks et al, 2013). To an extent this has been epitomized by soccer and its match-fixing travails over the past decade (Di Ronco & Lavorgna, 2014;Hill, 2010Hill, , 2013Hill, , 2015Manoli & Antonopoulos, 2014).…”