FRAX and ethnicity

Kanis, John А.; Cooper, Cyrus; Dawson‐Hughes, Bess; Harvey, Nicholas C.; Johansson, Helena; Lorentzon, Mattias; McCloskey, Eugène; Reginster, Jean‐Yves; Rizzoli, René

doi:10.1007/s00198-020-05631-6

Cited by 26 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…A high proportion of Indians living in Singapore are from South India (Tamil Nadu) who differ from Pakistanis in many respects that might affect hip fracture risk. In addition to ethnic-specific differences [ 19 ], up to twofold differences in hip fracture incidence have been reported using common methodology with the higher rates in urban communities including Croatia [ 20 ], Switzerland [ 21 ], Norway [ 22 ], Argentina [ 23 ], and Turkey [ 24 ]. Nonetheless, it is of interest that the incidence of hip fracture of Indians in South Africa is very similar to that for Indians living in Singapore [ 25 ], which suggests the assumption may not be without credence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A surrogate FRAX model for Pakistan

et al. 2021

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Summary A surrogate FRAX® model for Pakistan has been constructed using age-specific hip fracture rates for Indians living in Singapore and age-specific mortality rates from Pakistan. Introduction FRAX models are frequently requested for countries with little or no data on the incidence of hip fracture. In such circumstances, the International Society for Clinical Densitometry and International Osteoporosis Foundation have recommended the development of a surrogate FRAX model, based on country-specific mortality data but using fracture data from a country, usually within the region, where fracture rates are considered to be representative of the index country. Objective This paper describes the development and characteristics of a surrogate FRAX model for Pakistan. Methods The FRAX model used the ethnic-specific incidence of hip fracture in Indian men and women living in Singapore, combined with the death risk for Pakistan. Results The surrogate model gave somewhat lower 10-year fracture probabilities for men and women at all ages compared to the model for Indians from Singapore, reflecting a higher mortality risk in Pakistan. There were very close correlations in fracture probabilities between the surrogate and authentic models (r ≥ 0.998) so that the use of the Pakistan model had little impact on the rank order of risk. It was estimated that 36,524 hip fractures arose in 2015 in individuals over the age of 50 years in Pakistan, with a predicted increase by 214% to 114,820 in 2050. Conclusion The surrogate FRAX model for Pakistan provides an opportunity to determine fracture probability within the Pakistan population and help guide decisions about treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A surrogate FRAX model for Pakistan

et al. 2021

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“…Out of 15 cases of non-traumatic laryngeal fractures reported, 14 cases did not report the ethnicity or racial origin of the patient. Many medical conditions have specific ethnicity patterns, so this information should not be regarded as insignificant ( 38 , 39 ). Furthermore, most case reports do not provide sufficient detail about their treatment regimen, mentioning it only as “conservative.” Details regarding the dosage and administration of drugs have been excluded.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Traumatic Laryngeal Fractures: A Systematic Review

Khalid

Bilal

Umer

2021

TAO

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Non-traumatic laryngeal fractures are an extremely uncommon presentation, and the diagnosis can be missed. Recognizing these fractures is important to appropriately direct management because most have a good prognosis and result in complete recovery. This article aimed to review the characteristics of all documented cases of non-traumatic fractures of the larynx. We sought to address questions related to the etiology, clinical presentation, and diagnostic assessment of this condition and provide recommendations about the management of these fractures. Electronic databases, mainly PubMed and Google Scholar, were searched for relevant literature with no language or time restrictions. Since 1950, 15 cases of non-traumatic laryngeal fractures have been documented in the medical literature. Out of these, thyroid cartilage fractures have been described in 14 patients, while only one instance demonstrated a fracture in the cricoid cartilage. Patients were managed conservatively using voice rest and observation with complete recovery in all cases. All patients who present with odynophagia, hoarseness, and tenderness over the thyroid cartilage after an episode of severe coughing or sneezing, should be evaluated for a thyroid cartilage fracture using laryngoscopy and computed tomography scan. Management of the airway should be the primary priority in any laryngeal injury, and further management performed after the airway is stable.

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“…Ethnicity-specific FRAX models are only available in the USA, South Africa and Singapore. Variations in ethnicity-specific risk often exceed those in sex-specific risk; therefore, failure to calibrate for ethnicity in FRAX would have greater adverse consequences than failure to calibrate for sex [56]. Moreover, FRAX is not validated for use with total hip or lumbar spine BMD or for use with patients currently undergoing osteoporosis treatment at the time of testing.…”

Section: Screening and Diagnosis For Osteoporosismentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Osteoporosis Management

Jiang¹,

Newton²,

Jiang³

2021

obm geriatr

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Osteoporosis is one of the most common disorders around the world. Osteoporotic fracture especially hip fracture are associated with an increased mortality rate in elders. However, elders with osteoporosis or at high risk of fractures remain largely underdiagnosed and undertreated. The screening, diagnosis, and treatment of osteoporosis must be improved to maintain pace with its fast-growing prevalence. This review will cover risk factors of osteoporosis, screening and diagnosis tools, newfound advancements, current medical treatments including options for special populations of concern, and future research directions.

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FRAX and ethnicity

Cited by 26 publications

References 31 publications

A surrogate FRAX model for Pakistan

A surrogate FRAX model for Pakistan

Non-Traumatic Laryngeal Fractures: A Systematic Review

An Overview of Osteoporosis Management

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