Free space optical communication utilizing mid-infrared interband cascade laser

Soibel, Alexander; Wright, Malcolm W.; Farr, William H.; Keo, Sam Ang; Hill, Cory J.; Yang, Rui Q.; Liu, H. C.

doi:10.1117/12.845788

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Spectroscopy in the mid-infrared (MIR) band has long been of great value in fields such as environmental monitoring, 1 – 3 biomedicine, 4 – 6 communications, 7 , 8 and remote sensing 9 . This band is closely related to the thermal radiation of the object and contains the absorption/emission spectral positions of numerous molecules and structures 10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal camera based on frequency upconversion and its noise-equivalent temperature difference characterization

Zhou

Ceng

et al. 2023

Adv. Photon. Nexus

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We present a scheme for estimating the noise-equivalent temperature difference (NETD) of frequency upconversion detectors (UCDs) that detect mid-infrared (MIR) light. In particular, we investigate the frequency upconversion of a periodically poled crystal based on lithium niobate, where an MIR conversion bandwidth of 220 nm can be achieved in a single-poled period by a special design. Experimentally, for an MIR radiating target at a temperature of 95°C, the NETD of the device was estimated to be 56 mK with an exposure time of 1 s. Meanwhile, a direct measurement of the NETD was performed utilizing conventional methods, which resulted in 48 mK. We also compared the NETD of our UCD with commercially available direct MIR detectors. We show that the limiting factor for further NETD reduction of our device is not primarily from the upconversion process and camera noise but from the limitations of the heat source and laser performance. Our detectors have good temperature measurement performance and can be used for a variety of applications involving temperature object identification and material structure detection.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal camera based on frequency upconversion and its noise-equivalent temperature difference characterization

Zhou

Ceng

et al. 2023

Adv. Photon. Nexus

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“…Thanks to the spectroscopic detection of such absorption lines, this spectral range has enormous potential for studying complex biological systems or atmospheric pollution 4,5 . Another possibility is to use these wavelengths for technological applications e.g., processing of plastics 6 and glass materials, for direct communication through free space 7 or for night vision in military systems 8 . *adam.riha@fjfi.cvut.cz; phone: 00 420 224 358 034 Over the past two decades basically two types of mid-IR coherent light generation -indirect and direct were developed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of Cr2+ to Fe2+ ions concentration ratio on the Cr,Fe:Zn(1-x)Mn(x)Se (x ≈ 0.15) laser properties excited via Cr2+ → Fe2+ energy transfer

Říha¹,

Jelı́nková²,

Doroshenko³

et al. 2023

Solid State Lasers XXXII: Technology and Devices

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In this work the results of research of an optimal concentration ratio of Cr 2+ and Fe 2+ co-doped active ions for more efficient Cr 2+ → Fe 2+ ions energy transfer in a chosen Zn1-xMnxSe (x ≈ 0.15) host material are presented. Three cryogenically cooled Cr 2+ ,Fe 2+ :Zn1-xMnxSe (x ≈ 0.15) single crystals with the same thickness of ~2.7 mm and with different doping ratios of Cr 2+ and Fe 2+ ions of ~1:1, ~2:1, and ∼3:1 were investigated under Q-switched Er:YLF laser excitation (wavelength: ∼1.73 µm, pulse energy: ∼10 mJ, pulse duration: ∼150 ns). The temperature dependence of the absorption and fluorescence spectra, the fluorescence decay time as well as the laser output characteristics were measured. The Fe 2+ ions maximum laser output of ~50 µJ at the wavelength range of ~4.25-4.42 µm was obtained with the crystal sample for which the active ions ratio was ~2:1. A further increase of the chromium ions amount (Cr 2+ :Fe 2+ ≈ 3:1) led to worse results. Using appropriate resonator cavity mirrors, the samples were also able to generate the ~2.35-2.45 µm laser radiation from Cr 2+ ions. The laser output beam spatial profiles were close to Gaussian in all cases. In summary, an optimized compact source of mid-infrared ~4.25-4.42 µm (Fe 2+ ) and ~2.35-2.45 µm (Cr 2+ ) of Cr,Fe:Zn1-xMnxSe (x ≈ 0.15) crystal pumped via Cr 2+ ions by the ~1.73 µm radiation is described.

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“…The mid-infrared (MIR) band covers the absorption spectrum of many molecules [1] and is closely related to the thermal radiation of objects, which has been used in many aspects, such as environmental monitoring [2][3][4], geology for mineral identification [5], stand-off detection [6], and biomedical science [7][8][9][10]. Among them, the 3-5 micron band corresponds to one of the atmospheric communication windows, which is of potential importance in remote sensing [11] and communication fields [12,13]. On the other hand, light that carries orbital angular momentum (OAM) has stimulated considerable research interest in both classical and quantum optical domains [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[7][8][9][10] Among them, the 3-5 µm band corresponds to one of the atmospheric communication windows, which is of potential importance in remote sensing [11] and communications. [12,13] On the other hand, light that carries orbital angular momentum (OAM) has stimulated considerable research interest in both the classical and quantum optical domains. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] This particular beam with an azimuthal phase exp (ilφ ) is well known as possessing an exact OAM of l h per photon, [22] where l and φ refer to the topological charge (TC) and azimuthal angle, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Up-conversion detection of mid-infrared light carrying orbital angular momentum

Ge¹,

Chen²,

Li³

et al. 2022

Chinese Phys. B

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Frequency up-conversion is an effective method of mid-infrared (MIR) detection by converting the long-wavelength photons to the visible domain, where efficient detectors are readily available. Here, we generate the MIR light carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) from a difference frequency generation process and perform the up-conversion of it via sum frequency conversion in a bulk quasi-phase-matching crystal. The maximum quantum conversion efficiencies from MIR to visible are 34.0%, 10.4%, and 3.5% for light with topological charges of 0, 1, and 2, respectively, which is achieved by utilizing an optimized strong pump light. We also verify the OAM conservation with a specially designed interferometer, and the results agree well with the numerical simulations. Our study opens up the possibilities for generating, manipulating, and detecting MIR light that carries OAM, and will have great potential for optical communications and remote sensing in the MIR regime.

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Free space optical communication utilizing mid-infrared interband cascade laser

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Thermal camera based on frequency upconversion and its noise-equivalent temperature difference characterization

Thermal camera based on frequency upconversion and its noise-equivalent temperature difference characterization

The influence of Cr2+ to Fe2+ ions concentration ratio on the Cr,Fe:Zn(1-x)Mn(x)Se (x ≈ 0.15) laser properties excited via Cr2+ → Fe2+ energy transfer

Up-conversion detection of mid-infrared light carrying orbital angular momentum

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