Free-space optics and high-speed RF for next generation networks $propagation measurements

Kukshya, V.; Rappaport, Theodore S.; Izadpanah, H.; Tangonan, G.; Guerrero, Raphael A.; Mendoza, Jonas; Lee, B.

doi:10.1109/vetecf.2002.1040418

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…It is desirable to found a wavelength that presents maximum effects of scattering and absorption for these two kinds of particles. We, therefore, assume a complex refractive index of 1.97+0.22i for elemental carbon and 1.57 for sulfates [4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Kind Of Suspend Particles In Mexico Citymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mid-Infrared Gas Sensor for Pollutants: Case Study, Mexico City

Sandoval-Romero

Argueta-Diaz²

2015

AJMP

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This paper analyses the feasibility of studying the composition of the suspended particles in Mexico City, using for this study, an optical method to choose the most appropriate source of emission, depending on the environmental components. The proper choice of the emission source, allows a more correct assessment of the concentration of pollutants and their characteristics, always harmful to human health. To achieve this, is used the Mie scattering calculations, which are performed for spherical particles like here are studied.

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Section: Kind Of Suspend Particles In Mexico Citymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the fog seen in Mexico City is caused mainly by pollution. In the literature several examples can be found where the attenuation due to scattering and absorption caused by fog and rain are analyzed [3][4][5]. Few examples, however, are found where the same effects caused by pollution are studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mid-Infrared Gas Sensor for Pollutants: Case Study, Mexico City

Sandoval-Romero

Argueta-Diaz²

2015

AJMP

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“…Higher RF frequency bands support higher data rates, but they are also more affected by atmospheric effects and pointing errors. Consequently, higher RF frequencies are affected by scintillations, and moderate to heavy rain events were reported to affect both OW laser link at 850 nm and millimeter wave RF [227]. Pointing errors can also affect scintillation statistics for both channels [228].…”

Section: Hybrid Ow/rf Channel Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of communication-oriented optical wireless systems

Borah

Boucouvalas

Davis

et al. 2012

J Wireless Com Network

188

104

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This article presents an overview of optical wireless (OW) communication systems that operate both in the short-(personal and indoor systems) and the long-range (outdoor and hybrid) regimes. Each of these areas is discussed in terms of (a) key requirements, (b) their application framework, (c) major impairments and applicable mitigation techniques, and (d) current and/or future trends. Personal communication systems are discussed within the context of point-to-point ultra-high speed data transfer. The most relevant application framework and related standards are presented, including the next generation Giga-IR standard that extends personal communication speeds to over 1 Gb/s. As far as indoor systems are concerned, emphasis is given on modeling the dispersive nature of indoor OW channels, on the limitations that dispersion imposes on user mobility and dispersion mitigation techniques. Visible light communication systems, which provide both illumination and communication over visible or hybrid visible/ infrared LEDs, are presented as the most important representative of future indoor OW systems. The discussion on outdoor systems focuses on the impact of atmospheric effects on the optical channel and associated mitigation techniques that extend the realizable link lengths and transfer rates. Currently, outdoor OW is commercially available at 10 Gb/s Ethernet speeds for Metro networks and Local-Area-Network interconnections and speeds are expected to increase as faster and more reliable optical components become available. This article concludes with hybrid optical wireless/radio-frequency (OW/RF) systems that employ an additional RF link to improve the overall system reliability. Emphasis is given on cooperation techniques between the reliable RF subsystem and the broadband OW system.

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Cost-Efficient Wireless Mobile Backhaul Topologies: An Analytical Study

Kuo

Zdarsky

Lessmann

et al. 2010

2010 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference GLOBECOM 2010

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Abstract-Wireless communication technologies such as microwave radios are used to provide high-speed mobile backhaul connectivity for radio access networks in cases in which wirebased alternatives, e.g. cable or fiber, are not readily available and cannot be deployed in an economic or timely manner. Current mobile backhauls are predominantly deployed in tree or ring topologies, which simplify traffic management. Yet, with the increasing demand on backhaul capacity and the immense cost pressure on mobile backhaul solutions, meshed wireless mobile backhauls have been identified as a promising evolution. While traffic management in wireless mesh networks have been studied extensively in the literature, so far there is no quantitative analysis comparing the different topology options, i.e. mesh, ring and tree, regarding network performance and deployment cost. This paper fills this gap by studying the minimum cost problem of connecting a set of base station/gateway sites using different topologies while supporting both time-and space-varying traffic demands. Furthermore, we consider the additional constraint of resilience to single link failures. The evaluation results show that meshed wireless backhaul topologies are a cost-effective alternative to trees and rings, in particular in the face of spatial and temporal fluctuation of traffic demand and protection against link failures.

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Free-space optics and high-speed RF for next generation networks $propagation measurements

Cited by 6 publications

References 5 publications

Mid-Infrared Gas Sensor for Pollutants: Case Study, Mexico City

Mid-Infrared Gas Sensor for Pollutants: Case Study, Mexico City

A review of communication-oriented optical wireless systems

Cost-Efficient Wireless Mobile Backhaul Topologies: An Analytical Study

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