Free Space Optics Communication for Ultra-High-Speed Train Running in Evacuated Tube

Abstract

This paper develops a novel communication method for an ultra-high-speed train that runs in an evacuated tube. The proposed method significantly reduces the number of needed base stations to provide adequate coverage and data rates. Moreover, the time connectivity for each base station was enhanced considerably. The proposed method can provide improvements in terms of transmitted power and received power, either fixed or variable; this method offers a fixed or variant data rate. Moreover, the paper studies the effects of the divergence angle on transmitted and received power. Additionally, the proposed communication procedure might produce a system with a fixed data rate, such as 1.25 Gbps. It can also create a design with adaptive divergence angles (that can be altered dynamically) depending on the train distance to the base station. The results show that this method is promising for working for an ultra-high-speed train that runs in an evacuated tube. It can reduce the base stations number from 500 to less than 10 base stations with respect to the data rate and power consumption. Furthermore, a new handover method is proposed and addressed in this work.

Using Quantum Key Distribution With Free Space Optics to Secure Communications in High-Speed Trains

“…The proposed system model is based on our contribution in [1]. In [1], the authors of this paper have investigated FSO for HST, and they proposed a communication system based on aligning the base station (BS) transceiver with the transceiver (Tr) on board the train. This led to long coverage distances and to achieving high data rates for passengers.…”

“…This led to long coverage distances and to achieving high data rates for passengers. However, in [1], we did not investigate security issues and we did not consider QKD for securing communications, which is the major contribution of this paper.…”

“…However, alongside these advancements, HSTs bring forward unique challenges, particularly in the realm of digital communication and cybersecurity. One of the primary challenges is providing stable and secure internet access onboard, which is essential for a range of functionalities including real-time video conferencing, HD video streaming, and the operation of advanced driverless train systems [1] [2]. The demand for high-bandwidth internet is substantial; for example, a single Netflix HD video user requires a data rate of 5 Mbps.…”

A Review of Variable-Beam Divergence Angle FSO Communication Systems

“…This strategy reduced the number of base stations and power consumption. [76] Surface terminal platform -Underwater platform…”

Beyond 5G Fronthaul Based on FSO Using Spread Spectrum Codes and Graphene Modulators

“…In this fashion, many lasing technologies are commercially available and enabling many interesting networking scenarios. Further, FSO has recently been proposed as a solution for many different emerging applications such as high-speed rail connectivity [31][32][33], high altitude platforms [34], and optical satellite communications [35][36][37] to name a few. In addition, FSO can be seen as a prospective solution for rapid and cost-efficient creation of new mobile cells to support high-bandwidth services where the provision of broadband technologies has not been feasible so far.…”