“…Piper crocatum is used traditionally to heal diabetic wounds, inhibit bacterial growth, and as an antiseptic (Edikresnha, Suciati, Suprijadi & Khairurrijal, 2021;Setyawati, Wahyuningsih, Nugrahaningsih, Effendy, Fneish & Fortwengel, 2021). Piper nigrum is widely used in traditional medicine and has many biological properties such as antioxidant, antibacterial, and antimutagenic (Zahin, Bokhari, Ahmad, Husain, Althubiani, Alruways, Perveen & Shalawi, 2021).…”