Frequencies of Apolipoprotein E polymorphism in Iraqi Kurdish population

Al-Jaf, Sirwan M.A.

doi:10.1016/j.mgene.2021.100867

Cited by 4 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 30 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In the current study, none of both homozygous E2/E2 and E4/E4 genotypes have been detected in the COVID-19 infected individuals, and this might be due to the low frequency of both Apo E2 and E4 alleles among the general population in this area, as it was suggested in our previous study ( Al-Jaf, 2021 ). The frequency of both Apo E2/E3 and E3/E3 genotypes was lower and that of Apo E3/E4 was higher in the patient group compared to the general population, however, none of these differences were statistically significant but the results were comparable.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 47%

“…The frequency of six different genotypes and three different Apo E alleles were calculated for COVID-19 patients and compared to the Apo E frequency data in a general population which we previously obtained in a separate study ( Al-Jaf, 2021 ). All the three alleles E2, E3 and E4 have been found in both groups.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previously we have investigated the frequency of Apo E alleles in one hundred fourteen healthy individuals in the same area ( Al-Jaf, 2021 ); the data from this study was used to represent the control group for the current study. From July to December/2020, One-hundred and five patients who visited COVID-19 clinics in Kalar district (Sulaimaniyah province, Iraq) were selected to represent COVID-19 cases.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, a sequence-specific primer method was used for Apo E genotyping. This method is a PCR based method in which four allele-specific primers (Macrogen Co., Seoul, KR) were used for the identification of Apo E isoforms (Forward Primer-1; CGG ACA TGG AGG ACG TGT for Apo E-112cys, Reverse Primer-2; CTG GTA CAC TGC CAG GCG for Apo E-158arg, Reverse Primer-3 CTG GTA CAC TGC CAG GCA for Apo E-158cys, Forward Primer-4 CGG ACA TGG AGG ACG TGC for Apo E-112arg, these primers were developed and validated previously ( Pantelidis et al, 2003 ), and recetly used in our lab for Apo E genotyping in a general population ( Al-Jaf, 2021 ). Combinations of two allele-specific sequence-specific primers were used to determine each Apo E haplotype: primers F1 and R3 for E2, primers F1 and R2 for E3 and primers R2 and F4 for E4 haplotypes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Before the COVID-19 pandemic happened, we had been studying genetic polymorphisms of Apo E alleles in a general population in Sulaymaniyah province, Kurdistan Region of Iraq ( Al-Jaf, 2021 ). In an attempt to find a possible guilty gene for COVID-19 infection, we have designed a cohort study to seek an association between Apo E polymorphism and COVID-19 infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Association of Apolipoprotein e polymorphism with SARS-CoV-2 infection

Al-Jaf

Niranji

Ali

et al. 2021

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 47%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Association of Apolipoprotein e polymorphism with SARS-CoV-2 infection

Al-Jaf

Niranji

Ali

et al. 2021

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Association of tumor necrosis factor alpha ‐308 single nucleotide polymorphism with SARS CoV‐2 infection in an Iraqi Kurdish population

Ali

Niranji

Al-Jaf

2022

Clinical Laboratory Analysis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Uncovering risk factors playing roles in the severity of Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid‐19) are important for understanding pathoimmunology of the disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV‐2). Genetic variations in innate immune genes have been found to be associated with Covid‐19 infections. A single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in a promoter region of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) gene, TNF‐α −308G>A, increases expression of TNF‐α protein against infectious diseases leading to immune dysregulations and organ damage. This study aims to discover associations between TNF‐α −308G>A SNP and Covid‐19 infection. Polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) was used for genotyping a general Kurdish population and Covid‐19 patients. The homozygous mutant (AA) genotype was found to be rare in the current studied population. Interestingly, the heterozygous (GA) genotype was significantly (p value = 0.0342) higher in the Covid‐19 patients than the general population. This suggests that TNF‐α −308G>A SNP might be associated with Covid‐19 infections. Further studies with larger sample sizes focusing on different ethnic populations are recommended.

show abstract