Frequency-based control of islanded microgrid with renewable energy sources and energy storage

Abstract

When a microgrid is mainly supplied by renewable energy sources (RESs), the frequency deviations may deteriorate significantly the power quality delivered to the loads. This paper proposes a frequency-based control strategy, ensuring the frequency among the strict limits imposed by the Standard EN 50160. The frequency of the microgrid common AC bus is determined by the energy storage converter, implementing a proposed droop curve among the state of charge (SoC) of the battery and the frequency. Therefore, the information of the SoC becomes known to every distributed energy resource (DER) of the microgrid and determines the active power injection of the converter-interfaced DERs. The active power injection of the rotating generators remains unaffected, while any mismatch among the power generation and consumption is absorbed by the energy storage system. Finally, in case of a solid short-circuit within the microgrid, the energy storage system detects the severe voltage decrease and injects a large current in order to clear the fault by activating the protection device closer to the fault. The proposed control methodology is applied in a microgrid with PVs, wind generators and a battery, while its effectiveness is evaluated by detailed simulation tests.

Fully distributed control to coordinate charging efficiencies for energy storage systems

“…For an ADS with a very large number of DGs, such as wind turbines, photovoltaic arrays, micro turbines, and electric vehicles, control and management becomes more difficult [1][2][3]. The uncertainty of the intermittent DGs, DG plug-in and plugout, bidirectional power flow, as well as the diversity of loads, often cause disturbances such as over-voltage or reverse power flow in an ADS, hence, the ADS control has attracted increasing attention [4,5].…”

Distributed energy management for interconnected operation of combined heat and power-based microgrids with demand response

“…Generally, the MG can be operated in either the grid-connected or islanded mode [1]. With the development of MGs, a new concept of interconnected microgrids system (IMS) (or microgrid cluster) is introduced which considers several MGs exchanging energy with each other even when the MGs are isolated from the utility grid.…”

Challenges and progresses of energy storage technology and its application in power systems

“…[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. Furthermore, with fast development of material science, researches on new energy storage technologies such as graphen based energy storage technologies, are also carried out.…”