Frequency diversity improvement factor for rain fade mitigation in Malaysia

Rafiqul, Islam Md.; Altajjar, M. Laith; Habib, Mohammad Shawkat; Abdullah, Khaizuran; Rashid, M. Mushfiqur; Bashar, Khandaker Lubaba

doi:10.1109/wiecon-ece.2015.7443886

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…2015 [199] To propose and develop a prediction model to reduce rain fade between 5 and 40 GHz, known as the frequency diversity improvement factor.…”

Section: Ref Objective Of Study Methodology Adoptedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The specific attenuation for the frequency is considered the starting point of the correction factor development [189]. A diversity correction factor model was proposed in [199] with a frequency separation of 5 GHz based on the fading margin required for system design. The result showed a significant improvement within the frequencies ranging from 5 to 15 GHz, with no improvement above 15 GHz.…”

Section: Frequency Variation Correction Factormentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review on Rain Signal Attenuation Modeling, Analysis and Validation Techniques: Advances, Challenges and Future Direction

et al. 2022

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Radio waves are attenuated by atmospheric phenomena such as snow, rain, dust, clouds, and ice, which absorb radio signals. Signal attenuation becomes more severe at extremely high frequencies, usually above 10 GHz. In typical equatorial and tropical locations, rain attenuation is more prevalent. Some established research works have attempted to provide state-of-the-art reviews on modeling and analysis of rain attenuation in the context of extremely high frequencies. However, the existing review works conducted over three decades (1990 to 2022), have not adequately provided comprehensive taxonomies for each method of rain attenuation modeling to expose the trends and possible future research directions. Also, taxonomies of the methods of model validation and regional developmental efforts on rain attenuation modeling have not been explicitly highlighted in the literature. To address these gaps, this paper conducted an extensive literature survey on rain attenuation modeling, methods of analyses, and model validation techniques, leveraging the ITU-R regional categorizations. Specifically, taxonomies in different rain attenuation modeling and analysis areas are extensively discussed. Key findings from the detailed survey have shown that many open research questions, challenges, and applications could open up new research frontiers, leading to novel findings in rain attenuation. Finally, this study is expected to be reference material for the design and analysis of rain attenuation.

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“…2015 [199] To propose and develop a prediction model to reduce rain fade between 5 and 40 GHz, known as the frequency diversity improvement factor.…”

Section: Ref Objective Of Study Methodology Adoptedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Frequency Variation Correction Factormentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Rain Signal Attenuation Modeling, Analysis and Validation Techniques: Advances, Challenges and Future Direction

et al. 2022

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“…This is because the second site to be chosen should have a different pattern of rainfall than the reference station. Therefore, investigations on the second or diverse site effectiveness or performances are determined using two metrics: site diversity gain (SDG) and improvement factor (IF) [17]. The definitions of SDG and IF are visualized in Figure 1.…”

Section: Site Diversity In the Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review of the Site Diversity Technique in Tropical Region: Evaluation of Prediction Models Using Site Diversity Gain of Greece and India

et al. 2021

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my).⁞ABSTRACT The satellite signal deteriorates as it propagates from the source to the ground antenna on the surface of the earth. While some losses involving the amplitude and energy of the signal are unavoidably recovered due to the long slant path through the atmosphere, the impairment due to precipitation, especially rain, can be mitigated. Site diversity is one of the ways to obtain a less rain-attenuated signal, simply by preparing the other site to receive a link similar to that of the main site. Dual site diversity is common in practice with a site separation distance of at least a rain cell extent. This article presents an overview of the site diversity concept and a description of all parameters involved regarding the factor that contributed to the gain, which has been used as a performance metric to measure the effectiveness of a site diversity scheme. A detailed assessment of the capability of the gain prediction model is presented using site diversity experimental data conducted in two different climatic groups, namely, Greece in a temperate region and India in a tropical climatic region. The models involved in the evaluation were the ITU-R, Hodge, and Panagopoulos models, which were validated using temperate regional data, and the Semire and Yeo models, which were validated using tropical regional data. The observations of model behavior revealed that the Semire and Yeo models of the tropics were consistent with the measured gain obtained from India and Greece, respectively; thus, this demonstrated that the direction of future prediction models should consider both climates in the validation process.⁞INDEX TERMS Signal degradation, model evaluation, tropical region, rain-induced attenuation, atmospheric effect.

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Comparative Analysis of Rain Attenuation Prediction Models for Terrestrial Links in Different Climates

Wang

2021

Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering

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Frequency diversity improvement factor for rain fade mitigation in Malaysia

Cited by 3 publications

References 6 publications

A Review on Rain Signal Attenuation Modeling, Analysis and Validation Techniques: Advances, Challenges and Future Direction

A Review on Rain Signal Attenuation Modeling, Analysis and Validation Techniques: Advances, Challenges and Future Direction

A Comprehensive Review of the Site Diversity Technique in Tropical Region: Evaluation of Prediction Models Using Site Diversity Gain of Greece and India

Comparative Analysis of Rain Attenuation Prediction Models for Terrestrial Links in Different Climates

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