Frequency reconfigurable antennas for cognitive radio applications: a review

Sallomi²,

Jassim³

2023

IJECE

An antenna system that is reconfigurable in frequency is presented in this paper as a novel dual port design that serves both undelay and interweave cognitive radio. This 25×40×0.8 mm3 system is composed of two wide slot antennas: the first is designed as an ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna with controllable band rejection capabilities, while the second antenna is reconfigurable for communication purposes. Three slots are etched into the patch of the UWB antenna to obtain band notching in wireless local area network/Xband/International Telecommunication Union bands (WLAN/Xband/ITU) bands which can be controlled by a positive-intrinsic-negative (PIN) diode across each slot. The configuration states of these three diodes are all useable that produces seven band rejection modes plus the UWB operation mode. The second antenna is configured by five PIN diodes to operate either in Cband, WLAN or Xband regions which results in three interweave modes when setting the first antenna for UWB sensing. The design is simulated by computer simulation technology (CST) v.10. S21 results shows good isolation while input reflection coefficient and realized gain results prove system’s scanning, filtering and communication capabilities. This system is new that it gathers the undelay/interweave operation in a single design and when considering its large number of operation modes it looks adequate for many cognitive radio applications.

Section: System Configurationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A reconfigurable dual port antenna system for underlay/interweave cognitive radio

Sallomi²,

Jassim³

2023

IJECE

“…Clearly, this antenna needs switching elements that can link/dislink the stubs as intended. PIN diodes are widely used as switching elements in reconfigurable antennas [17], [18]. In this design, six HPND-4005 PIN diodes [19] are inserted to select its mode of operation.…”

Section: Configurationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A single port frequency reconfigurable antenna for underlay/interweave cognitive radio

Sallomi

Jassim

2022

IJEECS

A frequency reconfigurable antenna is presented in this paper as a novel single port system gathering the functionalities of both underlay and interweave cognitive radio. This 25×30×0.8 mm3 system involves a wide slot antenna to cover the ultra wide band (UWB) range with resonating stubs that are used to prohibit/work-only-in specific bands within the UWB frequencies. Here, six positive intrinsic negative (PIN) diodes are used to decide the active sections of the antenna that leads to select its operation as UWB/filtering/multiband antenna. Diodes' configuration results in eight useful operation modes that include a scanning mode, four single band-notch modes and three dual band communication modes. The scanning mode covers the entire UWB range while one of the bands allocated for WiMax, Cband, WLAN or Xband is to be excluded in each of the band-notch modes. On the other hand, each communaication mode is able to work in one of the ranges that cover WiMax/Cband, Cband/WLAN or Xband/international telecommunication union (ITU). S11, realized gain, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) outcomes of this design that is simulated by computer simulation technology (CST) v.10 all confirms the proposed system's ability to work in the intended modes. Its novelity to work as interweave/underlay cognitive radio system, highly candidates this design to address many of the UWB communication issues related interference and multiband operation

“…Contrast to fixed band-notched systems that have only a single operation mode that reject specific band/bands and doesn't cover the whole UWB, reconfigurable antennas for underlay cognitive radio that can operate at least into two modes, exclude certain bands on demand, and covering the UWB are more desirable and suitable. Antennas in this approach are usually modified UWB antennas that can be configured to a particular mode of operation using switching elements like positive-intrinsic-negative (PIN) diodes [12]. The slot antennas of [1] and [13] can be configured as UWB antennas or to reject WLAN band within the UWB range.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Twelfth mode on-demand band notch UWB antenna for underlay cognitive radio

Wali²,

Sallomi³

2021

IJEECS

A wide-slot ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna with on-demand band rejection characteristics that can serve underlay cognitive radio is presented in this paper. This antenna is designed to work in twelve operation modes; one to cover the whole UWB while each of the rest modes excludes one or more of the ranges that are allocated for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMax), C-band, wireless local area network (WLAN), X-band and International Telecommunication Union (ITU) in a single, dual, triple, quad or penta band rejection state. A spiral shape slot in the patch and three slots mainly based on half-circular structures in the ground plane are the means to create the desired frequency notches. A positive-intrinsic-negative (PIN) diode across each of these slots is used to enable/disable band(s) rejection process. Configuration of the proposed antenna to the desired mode of operation is decided by the state of its four PIN diodes. This work is simulated by computer simulation technology (CST) v.10. It’s S11, voltage-standing-wave-ratio (VSWR) and realized gain results when combined with antenna's 25x25x0.8 mm3 compact size and the large number of modes and states, all ensure its capability to eliminate or reduce the interference within the targeted bands and hence being suitable for the applications of underlay cognitive radio.