Freshwater variability and predictability in the Alaska Coastal Current

Weingartner, Thomas J.; Danielson, Seth L.; Royer, Thomas C.

doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2004.09.030

Cited by 187 publications

(181 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…1), entering through the Bering Strait (e.g. Weingartner et al, 2005). The Chukchi Sea also has seasonal ice cover that is highly variable from year to year.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The black arrows indicate the major surface currents (e.g. Rudels et al, 2004;Weingartner et al, 2005 The carbonate saturation ( ) does not only depend on the [CO 2− 3 ] but also on other factors such as pressure, temperature, salinity. Ocean pH is affected by biological primary production and respiration, physical mixing, air-sea CO 2 exchange, and ocean CO 2 chemistry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Calcium carbonate saturation in the surface water of the Arctic Ocean: undersaturation in freshwater influenced shelves

2009

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Abstract. In the summer of 2005, we sampled surface water and measured pH and total alkalinity (A T ) underway aboard IB Oden along the Northwest Passage from Cape Farewell (South Greenland) to the Chukchi Sea. We investigated the variability of carbonate system parameters, focusing particularly on carbonate concentration [CO 2− 3 ] and calcium carbonate saturation states, as related to freshwater addition, biological processes and physical upwelling. Measurements on A T , pH at 15 • C, salinity (S) and sea surface temperature (SST), were used to calculate total dissolved inorganic carbon (C T ), [CO 2− 3 ] and the saturation of aragonite ( Ar) and calcite ( Ca) in the surface water. The same parameters were measured in the water column of the Bering Strait. Some surface waters in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA) and on the Mackenzie shelf (MS) were found to be undersaturated with respect to aragonite ( Ar<1). In these areas, surface water was low in A T and C T (<1500 µmol kg −1 ) relative to seawater and showed low [CO 2− 3 ]. The low saturation states were probably due to the likely the effect of dilution due to freshwater addition by sea ice melt (CAA) and river runoff (MS). High A T and C T and low pH, corresponded with the lowest [CO 2− 3 ], Ar and Ca, observed near Cape Bathurst and along the South Chukchi Peninsula. This was linked to the physical upwelling of subsurface water with elevated CO 2 . The highest surface Ar and Ca of 3.0 and 4.5, respectively, were found on the Chukchi Sea shelf and in the cold water north of Wrangel Island, which is heavily influenced by high CO 2 drawdown and lower C T from intense biological production. In the western Bering Strait, the cold and saline Anadyr Current carries water that is enriched in A T and C T from enhanced organic matter remineralization, resulting in the lowest Ar (∼1.2) of the area.Correspondence to: M. Chierici (melissa@chem.gu.se)

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“…1), entering through the Bering Strait (e.g. Weingartner et al, 2005). The Chukchi Sea also has seasonal ice cover that is highly variable from year to year.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium carbonate saturation in the surface water of the Arctic Ocean: undersaturation in freshwater influenced shelves

2009

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“…a closed system). The surface layer on the continental shelf is influenced by freshwater discharge, which has a low nitrate concentration, due to the high elevations and the glacial nature of the major drainage systems where the discharges are derived (Weingartner et al 2005). There is some evidence that freshwater discharge, as a result of increased temperature and precipitation, has increased in southern Alaska since the 1970s (Royer 2005).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Oceanographic changes in the North Pacific Ocean over the past century recorded in deep-water gorgonian corals

Williams

Risk²,

Stone³

et al. 2007

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…The combined inflow of rivers from the mountainous West Coast forms a low salinity current whose buoyancy drives it north-west following the shoreline to the Bering Sea (Royer 1998). The C3O transect twice crossed this "river in the ocean", at the start west of Vancouver Island, and again at the Aleutian Islands, where the Alaskan Stream and the Alaska Coastal Current (Weingartner et al 2005b) merge (Fig. 2: 0, 3500 km).…”

Section: The Carbon Cycle In the Canadian Arctic And Subarctic Continmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Arctic Ocean—a Canadian perspective from IPY

et al. 2012

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Canada's IPY program funded seven marine projects spanning the North American Arctic. Work embraced oceanography, air-sea interactions, storm response, paleoclimate and trace-element chemistry. Notable findings are emerging. Conditions in the Beaufort were unusual in 2007, with very high air pressure bringing strong winds, rapid ice drift, thin winter ice, enhanced shelf-break upwelling and a maximum in freshwater retention in the Beaufort Gyre. A mapping of trace chemicals suggests that Arctic mid-depth circulation may also have reversed. Study of Canadian Arctic through-flow revealed a net annual seawater export of 44,000 cubic kilometres from the Arctic to Baffin Bay. Observations of sea ice, sustained through the IPY, affirmed that ice cover is the key attribute of Arctic seas, with wind as a potent agent in its variation. Surveys have shown that the anthropogenic decline in seawater alkalinity is aggravated in the Arctic by low temperature and low salinity resulting from ice melt. Careful experiments have revealed that Arctic phytoplankton growth is constrained by scarcity of dissolved iron where light levels are low. A manganese fingerprint in sediments has tracked changing sea level during the Ice Age.Climatic Change

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Freshwater variability and predictability in the Alaska Coastal Current

Cited by 187 publications

References 34 publications

Calcium carbonate saturation in the surface water of the Arctic Ocean: undersaturation in freshwater influenced shelves

Calcium carbonate saturation in the surface water of the Arctic Ocean: undersaturation in freshwater influenced shelves

Oceanographic changes in the North Pacific Ocean over the past century recorded in deep-water gorgonian corals

The Arctic Ocean—a Canadian perspective from IPY

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