Friction at Small Displacement

Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Chronic Inflammation-Associated Organ Fibrosis

“…Angiotensin II (Ang II) induces the expression of pro-fibrotic factors such as connective tissue growth factor (CTGF; Ruperez et al, 2003;Esteban et al, 2004), and recent studies have revealed that there is an intracellular cross-talk between Ang II signaling and TGFβ signaling that cooperatively promotes fibrosis (Campbell and Katwa, 1997;Schultz Jel et al, 2002;Gao et al, 2009). Leukotrienes (LTs) not only induce fibroblast migration, proliferation, and matrix protein synthesis, but also promote fibrosis through the stimulation and activation of TGFβ (Shim et al, 2006).…”

Ultrasonic recognition of two types of growth retardation by measurement of four fetal dimensions

“…In a recentpaper,Rosso and WINICK [25] supported the hypothesis that there are different types of infants with intrauterine growth retardation and that these different types can and should be recognised. Among ultrasonic workers, CAMPBELL [6], KURJAK et al [15], and HANSMANN [10] despribed two different patterns of growth retardation which may be of importance in the short and long term prognosis of the fetus. However, no one has analysed this material in connection with perinatal complications of such problem babies.…”

Determining flatness for complex nonlinear systems

“…By using automatic differentiation the primary cost will generally be the numerical linear algebra and not the Jacobian evaluation. More information on automatic differentiation can be found in [9] and the references therein.…”

“…As shown in [9] Jacobians can be generated in seconds which would require an hour to do symbolically. Memory requirements are also substantially less.…”

“…We assume that the values of Fk and the Jacobians are generated by automatic diifferentiation as described in [9]. Thus we have a matrix valued function, which for not 3tional simplicity we call H ( s ) , and we want to determine if it has constant rank in a neighborhood of a point SO.…”