Frihet i en pille?

Abstract

HIV refers to the human immunodeficiency virus. There are two types of HIV: HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is responsible for the vast majority of HIV infections globally. Age groups and populations The following definitions for adults, adolescents, children and infants are used to ensure consistency within these guidelines. Other agencies may use different definitions. • An adult is a person older than 19 years. • An adolescent is a person 10-19 years old inclusive. • A child is a person younger than 10 years old. • An infant is a child younger than one year of age. Serodiscordant couples are couples in which one partner is living with HIV and the other is HIV-negative. A couple refers to two people in an ongoing sexual relationship; each of these people is referred to as a partner in the relationship. How individuals define their relationships will vary according to their cultural and social context. Key populations are groups that have a disproportionate burden of HIV in many settings. They frequently face legal and social challenges that increase their vulnerability to HIV, including barriers to accessing HIV prevention and treatment. Key populations include (1) men who have sex with men, (2) people who inject drugs, (3) people in prisons and closed settings, (4) sex workers and (5) transgender people. Vulnerable populations are populations that are vulnerable to HIV in certain situations or contexts, such as adolescents (particularly adolescent girls in sub-Saharan Africa), orphans, people with disabilities and migrant and mobile workers. They may also face social and legal barriers to accessing HIV prevention and treatment. These populations are not affected by HIV uniformly in all countries and epidemics. Each country should define the specific populations that are vulnerable and key to their epidemic and response, based on the epidemiological and social context. Antiretroviral therapy ARV (antiretroviral) drugs refer to the medicines used to treat HIV. ART (antiretroviral therapy) refers to the use of a combination of three or more ARV drugs for treating HIV infection. ART involves lifelong treatment. Use of ARV drugs for HIV prevention refers to the HIV prevention benefits of ARV drugs and includes ARV drugs given to the mother or infant for preventing the mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT), ARV drugs to reduce the transmission of HIV among serodiscordant couples and ARV drugs to prevent people from acquiring HIV when they are exposed (postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Viral suppression refers to a viral load below the detection threshold using viral assays. DEFINITION OF KEY TERMS Definition of key terms Definition of key terms Guideline on when to start antiretroviral therapy and on pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV Viral failure refers to the inability to achieve or maintain viral suppression below a certain threshold. Treatment failure: the current WHO virological criterion for treatment failure is 1000 copies per ml or more. Universal access to ART is defined broadl...