“…In this work, PSO is presented to carry out the optimization process, where a parametric estimation of a non-linear function is proposed to fit the phase of a fringe pattern. Then, the PSO technique fits a global non-linear function instead of a local plane to each pixel, just as it is done in regularization techniques [27] and [28]. The fitting function is chosen depending on prior knowledge of the demodulation problem, such as object shape, carrier frequency, pupil size, etc; when no prior information about the shape of ( ) , x y φ is known, a polynomial fitting is recommended.…”