From Brussels with love: leverage, benchmarking, and the action plans with Jordan and Tunisia in the EU's democratization policy

Sarto, Raffaella A. Del; Schumacher, Tobias

doi:10.1080/13510347.2011.584733

Cited by 54 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Studies of EU democracy promotion in the Mediterranean confirm this overall assessment. First, the conditions and benchmarks for differentiation and conditionality are described as vague, arbitrary, inconsistent, incomplete (Del Sarto and Schumacher 2011). The EU's consistent application of political conditionality in this region is further undermined by its efforts to build a multilateral partnership in the Southern Mediterranean and to promote peace in the Middle Eastotherwise it would risk losing essential partners for these efforts.…”

Section: Democracy Promotion In the Enpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Europeanization beyond Europe

Schimmelfennig¹

2012

Living Rev. Euro. Gov.

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This article reviews the literature on Europeanization beyond the group of EU member, "quasi-member" and applicant states. It uses the analysis of Europeanization in the applicant states for membership as a theoretical starting point to ask if, how and under which conditions we can expect domestic effects of European integration beyond Europe. Focusing on Europeanization effects in the areas of regionalism, democracy and human rights, the article collects findings on the strategies and instruments as well as the impact and effectiveness of the EU. The general conclusion to be drawn from the theoretical as well empirical literature is one of low consistency and impact. How to cite this articleOwing to the fact that a Living Reviews article can evolve over time, we recommend to cite the article as follows:Frank Schimmelfennig, "Europeanization beyond Europe", Living Rev.

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Section: Democracy Promotion In the Enpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Europeanization beyond Europe

Schimmelfennig¹

2012

Living Rev. Euro. Gov.

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“…Del Sarto and Schumacher (2011) come to similar conclusions by arguing that the EU's lack of clarity and determination undermine the democratisation process in Jordan and Tunisia. Baracani (2005) argues that the EU is satisfied with only partial reform in Morocco as opposed to genuine democratisation.…”

Section: The Eu's Policies For the Promotion Of Democracy And Democramentioning

confidence: 82%

The EU's Support for Democratic Governance in the Eastern Neighbourhood: The Role of Transition Experience from the New Member States

Szent‐Iványi

2014

Europe-Asia Studies

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The European Union seems to place an increasing rhetorical emphasis on harnessing the transition experience of the new member states. The paper examines whether the EU actually makes use of this experience in its promotion of democratic governance in the Eastern neighbourhood. The main conclusion is that while reform priorities of the EU in the region are aligned with transition experience, the actual participation of actors from the new members in implementing EU financed projects aimed at promoting democratic governance is limited. This contradiction should be solved or it will further erode the credibility of the EU's external policies.

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“…The tension between promoting human rights and democracy on the one hand and the EU's security concerns on the other has been particularly noted in the Union's policy towards the south (also Balfour and Missiroli 2007, Barbé and Johansson-Nogués 2008, Bicchi 2010, Biscop 2010, and Schumacher 2015. However, the myth that the Union is able, or willing, to push for democratic governance and human rights in MENA countries has largely been debunked, before and after the Arab uprisings (Gillespie and Youngs 2002, Bicchi 2006, Panebianco 2006, Pace et al 2009, Del Sarto and Schumacher 2011, Tocci and Cassarino 2011, Teti 2012. Hence, the realities of EU "border policies" towards MENA countries clearly demonstrate the limits of the concept of "normative power" (Manners 2002) and the portrayal of the EU as a benign exporter of norms.…”

Section: Borders and Eu-mena Relationsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Uncertainties at the European Union's southern borders: actors, policies, and legal frameworks

Sarto¹,

Steindler²

2015

European Security

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A multiplicity of legal and political arrangements regulate the European Union's external borders. With borders representing the intersection between national and international law and politics, the EU also acquired some legal competences in this realm. The resulting triple set of rules coincides with the growing disaggregation of the classical functions of borders. This state of affairs generates legal and procedural uncertainties and results in a growing ambiguity and lack of transparency, in terms of competences and accountability. Due to the EU's concerns with transnational terrorism, and the growing securitization of migration, the EU's borders with the states of the Middle East and North Africa are particularly relevant in this regard, with the resulting uncertainties touching upon fundamental rights. This article discusses the conceptual starting point of the growing institutional, legal, and political complexity at the EU's southern borders, together with relevant aspects and developments, thus also providing the background to the different contributions in this special issue.

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From Brussels with love: leverage, benchmarking, and the action plans with Jordan and Tunisia in the EU's democratization policy

Cited by 54 publications

References 8 publications

Europeanization beyond Europe

Europeanization beyond Europe

The EU's Support for Democratic Governance in the Eastern Neighbourhood: The Role of Transition Experience from the New Member States

Uncertainties at the European Union's southern borders: actors, policies, and legal frameworks

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