From Cholesterogenesis to Steroidogenesis: Role of Riboflavin and Flavoenzymes in the Biosynthesis of Vitamin D

Pinto, John T.; Cooper, Arthur J. L.

doi:10.3945/an.113.005181

Cited by 43 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 184 publications

(195 reference statements)

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“…This has been most clearly shown with regard to cholesterol metabolism in which the dioxidosqualene is actually the preferred substrate for lanosterol synthase in the synthesis of the 24,25-epoxycholesterol, which inhibits the reaction with mono-oxidosqualene and serves as part of a feedback control in cholesterol biosynthesis (27,35,36). EPH.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The biosynthetic pathway of the nonsugar, high-intensity sweetener mogroside V from Siraitia grosvenorii

Itkin

Davidovich‐Rikanati

Cohen

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

152

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The consumption of sweeteners, natural as well as synthetic sugars, is implicated in an array of modern-day health problems. Therefore, natural nonsugar sweeteners are of increasing interest. We identify here the biosynthetic pathway of the sweet triterpenoid glycoside mogroside V, which has a sweetening strength of 250 times that of sucrose and is derived from mature fruit of luo-han-guo (Siraitia grosvenorii, monk fruit). A whole-genome sequencing of Siraitia, leading to a preliminary draft of the genome, was combined with an extensive transcriptomic analysis of developing fruit. A functional expression survey of nearly 200 candidate genes identified the members of the five enzyme families responsible for the synthesis of mogroside V: squalene epoxidases, triterpenoid synthases, epoxide hydrolases, cytochrome P450s, and UDP-glucosyltransferases. Protein modeling and docking studies corroborated the experimentally proven functional enzyme activities and indicated the order of the metabolic steps in the pathway. A comparison of the genomic organization and expression patterns of these Siraitia genes with the orthologs of other Cucurbitaceae implicates a strikingly coordinated expression of the pathway in the evolution of this species-specific and valuable metabolic pathway. The genomic organization of the pathway genes, syntenously preserved among the Cucurbitaceae, indicates, on the other hand, that gene clustering cannot account for this novel secondary metabolic pathway.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The biosynthetic pathway of the nonsugar, high-intensity sweetener mogroside V from Siraitia grosvenorii

Itkin

Davidovich‐Rikanati

Cohen

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

152

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show abstract

“…Associations of borderline statistical significance (0.5 < p < 0.1) were also observed for serum concentrations of triglycerides, which tended to be associated with vitamin B 2 and B 12 derived from milk even after several adjustments were performed. Although riboflavin and flavoenzymes are known to be involved in the biosynthetic pathways of cholesterogenesis [43], additional research is still needed in order to elucidate this specific association.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of Milk Consumption and Vitamin B2 and Β12 Derived from Milk with Fitness, Anthropometric and Biochemical Indices in Children. The Healthy Growth Study

et al. 2016

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The benefits of dairy consumption seem to extend beyond its significant contribution to ensuring nutrient intake adequacy as indicated by the favourable associations with several health outcomes reported by different studies. The aims of the present study were to examine the associations of milk consumption with fitness, anthropometric and biochemical indices in children and further explore whether the observed associations are attributed to vitamins B2 and B12 derived from milk. A representative subsample of 600 children aged 9–13 years participating in the Healthy Growth Study was examined. Data were collected on children’s dietary intake, using 24 h recalls, as well as on fitness, anthropometric and biochemical indices. Regression analyses were performed for investigating the research hypothesis, adjusting for potential confounders and for B-vitamin status indices (i.e., plasma riboflavin, methylmalonic acid and total homocysteine concentrations), dietary calcium intake and plasma zinc concentrations that could possibly act as effect modifiers. Milk consumption was positively associated with the number of stages performed in the endurance run test (ERT) (β = 0.10; p = 0.017) and negatively with body mass index (BMI) (β = −0.10; p = 0.014), after adjusting for several potential confounders and effect modifiers. Dietary intakes of vitamin B2 and B12 derived from milk were also positively associated with the number of ERT stages (β = 0.10; p = 0.015 and β = 0.10; p = 0.014 respectively). In conclusion, higher intake of milk as well as vitamin B2 and B12 derived from milk were independently associated with higher cardiorespiratory fitness in Greek preadolescents. The key roles of these B-vitamins in substrate oxidation, energy production, haemoglobin synthesis and erythropoiesis could provide a basis for interpreting these associations. However, further research is needed to confirm this potential interpretation.

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“…Interestingly, a link between riboflavin and vitamin D metabolism, an insufficient riboflavin availability and an imbalance of FAD and FMN, results in a distinct alteration in structure within the skeletal and central nervous systems [83].…”

Section: Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Vitamin B in Depression

Mikkelsen¹,

Stojanovska²,

Apostolopoulos

2016

CMC

138

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Abstract:Vitamins are dietary components which are necessary for life. They play a major role in health and their deficiency may be linked to symptoms of psychiatric disorders. B vitamins are required for proper functioning of the methylation cycle, monoamine oxidase production, DNA synthesis and the repair and maintenance of phospholipids. Vitamin B deficiency could influence memory function, cognitive impairment and dementia. In particular, vitamins B1, B3, B6, B9 and B12 are essential for neuronal function and deficiencies have been linked to depression. We discuss the causes of depression and the neurochemical pathways in depression. In particular, we provide evidence that vitamin B contributes to the complexity of depressive symptoms.

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From Cholesterogenesis to Steroidogenesis: Role of Riboflavin and Flavoenzymes in the Biosynthesis of Vitamin D

Cited by 43 publications

References 184 publications

The biosynthetic pathway of the nonsugar, high-intensity sweetener mogroside V from Siraitia grosvenorii

The biosynthetic pathway of the nonsugar, high-intensity sweetener mogroside V from Siraitia grosvenorii

Associations of Milk Consumption and Vitamin B2 and Β12 Derived from Milk with Fitness, Anthropometric and Biochemical Indices in Children. The Healthy Growth Study

The Effects of Vitamin B in Depression

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