From Exploitation to Industry: Definitions, Risks, and Consequences of Domestic Sexual Exploitation and Sex Work Among Women and Girls

Gerassi, Lara B.

doi:10.1080/10911359.2014.991055

Cited by 89 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…According to a UN-HABITAT report, (State of the World's Cities, 2006Cities, -2007, violence makes up at least 25%-30% of urban crime, including IPV, with the prevalence being twice as high in the developing countries [7]. Intuitively, persistent exposure to torturous and violent behavior by an intimate partner can force a woman to escape from home, resulting in homelessness, economic insecurity, and substance abuse [8][9][10][11], which themselves are strong risk factors for abduction, harassment, sexual assault, and socioeconomic marginalization. As such, IPV can have serious repercussions on women's livelihood and economic security, safety, health, and overall well-being [12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol Drinking by Husbands/Partners Is Associated with Higher Intimate Partner Violence against Women in Angola

Yaya

Bishwajit

2019

Safety

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Intimate partner violence (IPV), as the most prevalent form of violence against women, is a commonly encountered phenomenon across sub-Saharan African countries, including Angola. As a fast-growing economy, Angola is experiencing a booming alcohol industry and persistent IPV and women’s rights issues, along with weak prohibition and enforcement against this practice. However, so far, there is no systematic research investigating the predictors of IPV in Angola and whether spousal alcohol drinking has any relationship with women’s experience of IPV. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to assess the predictors of IPV (defined as physical, emotional, and sexual violence) among Angolan women with a special focus on their partners’ alcohol drinking habit. Cross-sectional data on 7669 women aged 15–49 years from the Angola Demographic and Health Survey were used for this study. Data were analyzed using descriptive and logistic regression methods. Results indicated that physical IPV (32.3%, 95% Confidence Interval = 30.3 to 34.5) was most prevalent, followed by emotional (27.3%, 95% CI = 25.3 to 29.4) and sexual IPV (7.4%, 95% CI = 6.6 to 8.4). In the multivariate analysis, higher education and household wealth status showed protective effects against certain forms of IPV. Alcohol drinking by husbands/partners was associated with significantly higher odds of experiencing physical [OR = 2.950; 95% CI = 2.632, 3.306], emotional [OR = 2.470; 95% CI = 2.187,2.789], and sexual IPV [OR = 2.729; 95% CI = 2.220, 3.354] among women. Women who reported experiencing physical IPV had increased odds of drinking alcohol [OR = 1.474; 95% CI = 1.290, 1.684] compared with those who did not. These findings reflect the widespread prevalence of IPV in sub-Saharan African countries. Special focus should be given to married men with alcohol drinking habits to reduce women’s vulnerability to IPV and dependence on alcohol use.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol Drinking by Husbands/Partners Is Associated with Higher Intimate Partner Violence against Women in Angola

Yaya

Bishwajit

2019

Safety

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“…Several studies do suggest that homeless and low-income youth and young adults experience increased risk for trading sex for food, money, drugs, or shelter to survive (Greene, Ennett, & Ringwalt, 1999; Lankenau, Clatts, Welle, Goldsamt, & Gwadz, 2004; Marshall, Shannon, Kerr, Zhang, & Wood, 2010; Watson, 2011), a practice also referred to as survival sex (Gerassi, 2015; Warf et al, 2013). Some studies suggest that individuals who trade sex do not necessarily do so voluntarily, as they can be coerced, manipulated, or forced (Tyler & Johnson, 2006).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Trading Sex for Money or Compensation: Prevalence and Associated Characteristics from a Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) Clinic Sample

Gerassi

Jonson‐Reid

Plax

et al. 2016

Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma

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The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and individual risk factors of people who trade or sell sex among sexually active individuals seeking HIV and sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing. Using electronic agency records, an analysis of the characteristics of 5,029 youth and adults who voluntarily obtained HIV and STI testing was conducted. Multiple imputation procedures for missing data from 3 variables and logistic regression were conducted. A total of 128 individuals reported having traded sex. Nine variables had statistically significant associations with trading sex. Individuals who identified as White and female had lesser odds of trading sex, whereas individuals who were transgender, were living in a shelter, had been sexually assaulted, had a previous STI, had high-risk sex, or used drugs had greater odds of trading sex. Elevated levels of high-risk behavior in addition to sexual trauma should be considered in intervention research and community health practice. Implications for service providers and researchers are discussed.

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“…The consideration of well-being across the life course, and exploration of ways to consider wellbeing and all its nuances, is essential for survivors of sex trafficking because survivors often face significant physical and mental harm that can impact lifelong wellbeing (Acharya & Clark, 2010;Farley et al, 2016;Gerassi, 2015;Lederer & Wetzel, 2014;Muraya & Fry, 2016;Oram, Stöckl, Busza, Howard, & Zimmerman, 2012;Ottisova, Hemmings, Howard, Zimmerman, & Oram, 2016;Raymond & Hughes, 2001;Zimmerman & Pocock, 2013). Survivors may experience physical injuries such as broken bones, genital mutilation, repeated concussions, and a variety of other injuries, as well as contracting HIV, having chronic headaches, and reproductive health issues (Farley et al, 2016;Lederer & Wetzel, 2014;McCauley, Decker, & Silverman, 2010;Zimmerman et al, 2008).…”

Section: Mutual Carementioning

confidence: 99%

Lifelong Wellbeing for Survivors of Sex Trafficking: Collaborative Perspectives From Survivors, Researchers, and Service Providers

Bintliff¹,

Stark²,

Brown³

et al. 2018

Dignity

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This article summarizes a collaborative effort by researchers, service providers, and women who have experienced exploitation and trafficking for sex, to inform policy and practice related to care for survivors. The effort brought together current research program experience from around the world, and survivor perspectives, in a 2015 interactive forum entitled "STREETS of Hope: Listening to and Supporting Survivors of Human Trafficking. " A participatory approach to defining wellbeing, designed especially for use with vulnerable or highly marginalized populations of women and girls, provided the framework for the discussions. In addition, attempts were made to use principles of trauma-informed care during the workshop itself, toward the overall goals of 1) working as equals to inform research agendas; 2) gaining insights from survivors to improve services; and 3) providing survivors and all participants with a wellbeing model that can help them think and speak with specificity and clarity about their personal growth, wellbeing, and self-care. The results of the interactive two-day workshop and subsequent consultations included: 1) increased understandings and more detailed descriptions of what wellbeing is from the lived experience of survivors, and 2) insights about ways that services and care can be more responsive to the needs and preferences of survivors. Further, the collective exercise suggested revisions and specifications to the wellbeing model itself. Finally, the collaborators identified future directions for their shared research and practice. Overall, the experience of the "STREETS of Hope Forum" supports the idea that iterative, equitable, collaborative work with survivors must be employed to inform systems of care, and that a dynamic and multi-dimensional concept of wellbeing can help survivors, researchers, program leaders and policy-makers to foster support and agency throughout the life course. For those who participated, "STREETS of Hope" constituted a reframing of the goals of services care. It enabled us to think beyond basic needs and survival as defined by caregivers, to one that centers the experience of survivors and fosters recognition of and realization of their talents and life aspirations. ABSTRACTThis article summarizes a collaborative effort by researchers, service providers, and women who have experienced exploitation and trafficking for sex, to inform policy and practice related to care for survivors. The effort brought together current research program experience from around the world, and survivor perspectives, in a 2015 interactive forum entitled "STREETS of Hope: Listening to and Supporting Survivors of Human Trafficking." A participatory approach to defining wellbeing, designed especially for use with vulnerable or highly marginalized populations of women and girls, provided the framework for the discussions. In addition, attempts were made to use principles of trauma-informed care during the workshop itself, toward the overall goals of 1) working as equals to inform research ...

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From Exploitation to Industry: Definitions, Risks, and Consequences of Domestic Sexual Exploitation and Sex Work Among Women and Girls

Cited by 89 publications

References 65 publications

Alcohol Drinking by Husbands/Partners Is Associated with Higher Intimate Partner Violence against Women in Angola

Alcohol Drinking by Husbands/Partners Is Associated with Higher Intimate Partner Violence against Women in Angola

Trading Sex for Money or Compensation: Prevalence and Associated Characteristics from a Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) Clinic Sample

Lifelong Wellbeing for Survivors of Sex Trafficking: Collaborative Perspectives From Survivors, Researchers, and Service Providers

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