From International Relations to Global Governance Theory: Conceptualizing NGOs after the Rio Breakthrough of 1992

A new disclosure index for Non-Governmental Organizations

“…GG is a movement that propagates collaboration between transnational actors to solve issues of mutual interest. It affects NGOs by treating them as entities that encourage equality of opportunity for all members of society and that challenges the hierarchy by ensuring that any issue is driven by a horizontal network [ 26 ]. NGOs can be seen as embedded in the Internet in a manner that promotes a nonpolitical global civil society, provided that they utilize their position to win public trust.…”

“…NGOs should utilize cyberspace to provide this information to any individual who is interested in evaluating the success of any such organization. Just like any other organization, NGOs are also expected to collaborate both nationally and internationally to offer solutions to various social issues, thus creating a globalized civil society (GCS) [ 26 ]. The theory of GCS cannot be not fully realized unless the NGOs share information about their activities and outcomes in a shared cyberspace.…”

The Partnership for Modernisation Through the Three Level-of-Analysis Perspectives

“…Initially, transnational companies challenged the autonomy of the state (Vernon, 1968;Strange, 1988Strange, , 1996. In the 1980s, attention was turned to various NGO activities (Keck & Sikkink, 1998, 1999Kelly, 2007). Finally, epistemic communities became an integral part of the transnational level.…”

Theorizing the Paradigm Shift in Educational Development

“…Against this tradition of exclusive focus on nation-states and their power politics on the international scene (Bennet, 1995), there are increasing efforts to describe the complex mechanisms of global governance involving civil society actors (Kelly, 2007;Morin, 2010). In the field of comparative education, however, regardless of the long tradition of studying international educational policy exchange and multilateralism, works that comprehensively analyse the structure, discourse, and practices of actors other than those in the traditional category of donors have been limited, except for stocktaking records by CSOs (Verger & Novelli, 2012).…”