From Pride to Smugness and the Nationalism Between: Olympic Media Consumption Effects on Nationalism Across the Globe

Billings, Andrew C.; Brown, Natalie A.; Brown, Kenon A.; Guoqing,; Leeman, Mark A.; Ličen, Simon; Novák, David; Rowe, David C.

doi:10.1080/15205436.2013.822519

Cited by 55 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…For international sporting events, national affiliations have been found to be an important indicator of identification. Scholars have found that the Olympic telecast (e.g., Billings, Brown, Brown, Guo, et al, 2013; Billings, Brown, & Brown, 2013; Billings, Burch, & Zimmerman, 2015) and the 2014 FIFA World Cup (e.g., Billings, Brown, & Brown-Devlin, 2015) can affect nationalized attitudes. Another important identification that could coexist with national identification in large sporting events is team identification.…”

Section: Identification and Sitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Twitter-Based BIRGing: Big Data Analysis of English National Team Fans During the 2018 FIFA World Cup

Fan

Billings

Zhu

et al. 2019

Communication & Sport

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Sports fans tend to associate themselves with a successful team (BIRGing), while disassociating themselves with unsuccessful teams (CORFing). This premise was applied to social media commentary within England’s matches against Croatia and Colombia during the 2018 Fédération Internationale de Football Association World Cup, uncovering that English fans tended to perform Basking in Reflected Glory (BIRG) when England was leading or victorious and tended to engage in Cutting Off Reflected Failure (CORF) when England was trailing or defeated. In Method 1, team identification, national identification with England, and sentiment were significantly higher when England was leading or victorious than when they were trailing or defeated. In Method 2, machine learning generated trending graphs to detect that English fans BIRGed when they scored against Colombia; they also BIRGed more frequently during the match with Croatia, peaking several times when they scored a goal, saved a goal, or took a free kick. However, even though CORFing (i.e., lower team identification, lower national identification, and lower sentiment) occurred when the opposing team scored, English fans still BIRGed when they were finally defeated by Croatia, likely a function of the stage the game took place (World Cup semifinal), indicating that England had nonetheless succeeded in the World Cup as a whole.

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Section: Identification and Sitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Twitter-Based BIRGing: Big Data Analysis of English National Team Fans During the 2018 FIFA World Cup

Fan

Billings

Zhu

et al. 2019

Communication & Sport

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“…Thus, this study will analyze the salience and description of home nation vs. non-home nation athletes through the contrasted lenses of the two most prominent (and, thus, presumed to be complementary) North American media products: US-based NBC (National Broadcasting Company) and Canadian-based CBC (Canadian Broadcasting Corporation). The need for cross-nation comparisons is underscored by the potential impact for bolstering nationalized feelings as a by-product of consumption (see Billings et al, 2013b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nationalism in the United States and Canadian primetime broadcast coverage of the 2014 Winter Olympics

Angelini

MacArthur

Smith

et al. 2015

International Review for the Sociology of Sport

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The CBC's and NBC's primetime broadcasts of the 2014 Winter Olympics were analyzed to determine differences between the media treatment of home nation and foreign athletes. The CBC results showed that Canadian athletes represented 48.5% of total athlete mentions and constituted all of the top 20 most-mentioned athletes. NBC results showed that American athletes represented 43.9% of their total mentions and 65% of the top 20 most-mentioned athletes. The CBC was more likely to attribute Canadian athletic successes to commitment and intelligence, and non-Canadian successes to strength. The CBC was more likely to discuss the emotions and background of non-Canadians and make neutral/other comments about Canadians. NBC was more likely to attribute American failures to experience. Comparisons between the networks revealed 30 significant differences in the manner of depicting home athletes compared to athletes from other nations.

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“…Recent scholarly work concerning the World Cup (Devlin & Billings, 2015) found that highly identified fans scored higher in all four levels of nationalism factors compared to low and moderate fans of the U.S. National Men's Team. Similarly, and Billings, Brown, Brown, Guoqing, et al, (2013) found a positive correlation between Olympic media consumption and nationalistic identity scores. Collectively, the findings suggest that an effect resulting from consumption of international sport does occur but also indicates that certain factors-such as fan identification-could be strong predictors of why someone elects (or does not elect) to consume international sport media.…”

Section: Nationalized Qualitiesmentioning

confidence: 87%

Interwoven Statesmanship and Sports Fandom

Devlin

Billings

Brown

2016

Communication & Sport

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Social identification-based theories (fan identification and nationalism) were used to delineate whether degrees of sports fandom and/or national identity are significant predictors for television consumption of the 2014 Fédération Internationale de Football Association World Cup. A national survey of 490 respondents was conducted at three different time periods (10 weeks before the start of the World Cup, the start of the World Cup, and immediately following Team USA's first World Cup match) to determine whether planned media consumption of the World Cup shifted based on levels of fan identification and nationalized qualities. Using structural equation modeling, increased nationalized qualities across two of the factors (nationalism and internationalism) increased World Cup fan identification, resulting in predicting higher planned television consumption of this international megasporting event. Nationalized identity alone had no significant result on predicting

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From Pride to Smugness and the Nationalism Between: Olympic Media Consumption Effects on Nationalism Across the Globe

Cited by 55 publications

References 34 publications

Twitter-Based BIRGing: Big Data Analysis of English National Team Fans During the 2018 FIFA World Cup

Twitter-Based BIRGing: Big Data Analysis of English National Team Fans During the 2018 FIFA World Cup

Nationalism in the United States and Canadian primetime broadcast coverage of the 2014 Winter Olympics

Interwoven Statesmanship and Sports Fandom

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