From R. S. Conway to J. G. Frazer, 26 January 1903 Llanishen

Conway, R. S.

doi:10.1093/oseo/instance.00237461

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Near z ∼ 10 7 R s , the jet radius profile shows a sharp increase by a factor of ∼2, where the PA of the jet sharply changes by ∼20°to the north. The overall PA profile meanders around the mean PA of −138°, coinciding with the large-scale jet (Conway et al 1993).…”

Section: Jet Collimation Profile Of 3c 273mentioning

confidence: 71%

“…In this paper, we study the quasar 3C 273 (1226+023), well known as one of the brightest extragalactic objects and the closest quasars (Schmidt 1963) with prominent jets (Davis et al 1985;Conway et al 1993;Bahcall et al 1995;Jester et al 2005;Perley & Meisenheimer 2017). The 3C 273 jets have been observed many times since their discovery because the elongated jet is a unique target for resolving down to the central (sub)parsec scale with VLBI observations (Krichbaum et al 1990;Lobanov & Zensus 2001;Savolainen et al 2006;Kovalev et al 2016;Bruni et al 2017Bruni et al , 2021Jorstad et al 2017;Lister et al 2019Lister et al , 2021.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The color convention is the same as in the upper panel. The horizontal dashed line shows PA = −138°, which is broadly consistent with the axis of the large-scale jet (e.g.,Davis et al 1985;Conway et al 1993). The gray shade across both panels shows the region excluded from the fitting analysis because of a large bending seen in the jet (see the details in Section 5.5).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Collimation of the Relativistic Jet in the Quasar 3C 273

Okino

Akiyama

Asada

et al. 2022

ApJ

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The collimation of relativistic jets launched from the vicinity of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) at the centers of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) is one of the key questions to understand the nature of AGN jets. However, little is known about the detailed jet structure for AGN like quasars since very high angular resolutions are required to resolve these objects. We present very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations of the archetypical quasar 3C 273 at 86 GHz, performed with the Global Millimeter VLBI Array, for the first time including the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. Our observations achieve a high angular resolution down to ∼60 μas, resolving the innermost part of the jet ever on scales of ∼105 Schwarzschild radii. Our observations, including close-in-time High Sensitivity Array observations of 3C 273 at 15, 22, and 43 GHz, suggest that the inner jet collimates parabolically, while the outer jet expands conically, similar to jets from other nearby low-luminosity AGNs. We discovered the jet collimation break around 107 Schwarzschild radii, providing the first compelling evidence for structural transition in a quasar jet. The location of the collimation break for 3C 273 is farther downstream from the sphere of gravitational influence (SGI) from the central SMBH. With the results for other AGN jets, our results show that the end of the collimation zone in AGN jets is governed not only by the SGI of the SMBH but also by the more diverse properties of the central nuclei.

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Section: Jet Collimation Profile Of 3c 273mentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Collimation of the Relativistic Jet in the Quasar 3C 273

Okino

Akiyama

Asada

et al. 2022

ApJ

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“…This notion is consistent with the finding that young sudden cardiac death victims have less fibrosis at post-mortem examination (Varnava et al, 2000;Gaspari et al, 2021), such that a functional cause of lethal arrhythmias may be present in the early stages of HCM. Functional causes of arrhythmias in HCM include regionally impaired repolarisation (due to enhancement of late Na + and impairment of K + channels) (Sakata et al, 2003;Johnson et al, 2011;Coppini et al, 2013;Lyon et al, 2018) and episodic myocardial ischaemia (Conway et al, 2022;Coleman et al, 2023). Unlike irreversible structural causes of arrhythmias, both of these functional causes may be amenable to ranolazine therapy, which targets repolarisation impairment (Moss et al, 2008;Coppini et al, 2013) and microvascular ischaemia (Argirò et al, 2023).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ranolazine on the arrhythmic substrate in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Coleman,

Doste,

Beltrami

et al. 2024

Front. Pharmacol.

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Introduction: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a leading cause of lethal arrhythmias in the young. Although the arrhythmic substrate has been hypothesised to be amenable to late Na+ block with ranolazine, the specific mechanisms are not fully understood. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the substrate mechanisms of safety and antiarrhythmic efficacy of ranolazine in HCM.Methods: Computational models of human tissue and ventricles were used to simulate the electrophysiological behaviour of diseased HCM myocardium for variable degrees of repolarisation impairment, validated against in vitro and clinical recordings. S1-S2 pacing protocols were used to quantify arrhythmic risk in scenarios of (i) untreated HCM-remodelled myocardium and (ii) myocardium treated with 3µM, 6µM and 10µM ranolazine, for variable repolarisation heterogeneity sizes and pacing rates. ECGs were derived from biventricular simulations to identify ECG biomarkers linked to antiarrhythmic effects.Results: 10µM ranolazine given to models manifesting ventricular tachycardia (VT) at baseline led to a 40% reduction in number of VT episodes on pooled analysis of >40,000 re-entry inducibility simulations. Antiarrhythmic efficacy and safety were dependent on the degree of repolarisation impairment, with optimal benefit in models with maximum JTc interval <370 ms. Ranolazine increased risk of VT only in models with severe-extreme repolarisation impairment.Conclusion: Ranolazine efficacy and safety may be critically dependent upon the degree of repolarisation impairment in HCM. For moderate repolarisation impairment, reductions in refractoriness heterogeneity by ranolazine may prevent conduction blocks and re-entry. With severe-extreme disease substrates, reductions of the refractory period can increase re-entry sustainability.

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From R. S. Conway to J. G. Frazer, 26 January 1903 Llanishen

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Collimation of the Relativistic Jet in the Quasar 3C 273

Collimation of the Relativistic Jet in the Quasar 3C 273

Effects of ranolazine on the arrhythmic substrate in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

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