From Self-efficacy to Imposter Syndrome: The Intrapersonal Traits of Surgeons

Abstract

Background:Demographic differences among surgical trainees regarding intrapersonal traits, such as imposter syndrome and assertiveness, have become widely acknowledged. However, many of these characteristics have not been examined in tandem, nor among both trainees and surgeons in practice. This study aimed to address these knowledge gaps.Methods:This was an anonymous, voluntary survey study comprised of validated measures of (1) self-efficacy, (2) imposter syndrome, (3) assertiveness, (4) perfectionism, and (5) self-rated likeability. A multimodal recruitment strategy was used and surgeons across all subspecialties were eligible for inclusion.Results:A total of 296 participants were included, with 54% identifying as female (n = 161) and 72% between the ages of 25 and 40 years of age (n = 212). Imposter syndrome, assertiveness, and perfectionism scales were normally distributed; self-efficacy and self-rated likeability scales demonstrated slight negative skew. Self-identified male sex was associated with less imposter syndrome (P < 0.001) and perfectionism (P = 0.035) and higher assertiveness (P < 0.001). Imposter syndrome was less common among older age groups (P = 0.001).Conclusions:Surgeons are a self-efficacious group of perfectionists with widespread variability in imposter syndrome and assertiveness. Female sex and younger age were associated with more imposter syndrome and less assertiveness, highlighting an opportunity for early career coaching.

Feeling like an imposter: are surgeons holding themselves back?

“…This can lead to physical and mental exhaustion due to the constant uncertainty about their ability to maintain their performance at a higher level. 10 Imposter syndrome affects the individual's capacity and the system. Studies have shown that imposter feelings are associated with lower levels of career striving and motivation, leading to compromised job satisfaction and organizational commitment.…”

“…Despite this, research suggests that fellows may experience significant stress while adjusting to the fellowship program. 10 11 A study by Zaed et al evaluating neurosurgery residents, fellows, and young attendings found a prevalence of 82% for imposter syndrome. 12 Given the exceptionally high prevalence of imposter syndrome among surgical trainees, intentional action should be taken to address this issue.…”

“…This can lead to physical and mental exhaustion due to the constant uncertainty about their ability to maintain their performance at a higher level. 10 …”

“…Despite their self-perceived incompetence, surgeons with imposter feelings are typically high achievers who efficiently fulfill their clinical and academic work, even at a significant cost to their psychological well-being. 10 However, their growth may be hindered by having a fixed belief that accomplishment through hard work does not prove their actual ability. They usually attribute their successes to circumstances rather than their skill and thus disregard positive feedback.…”

CORR Insights®: Imposter Syndrome Among Surgeons is Associated With Intolerance of Uncertainty and Lower Confidence in Problem Solving

“…For others, the feeling of inferiority has been planted and nurtured by external factors, misplaced social paradigms, or expectations. Girls are told they need to be sympathetic, supportive, and less assertive [7] because they’re not as well prepared to compete intellectually or physically in the sciences or the operating room. In this case, the pollution comes from a toxic environment, from society, and from the culture.…”