Front-End Design for SiPM-Based Monolithic Neutron Double Scatter Imagers

Cates, Joshua; Steele, John T.; Balajthy, J.; Negut, Victor; Hausladen, Paul; Ziock, Klaus P.; Brubaker, E.

doi:10.3390/s22093553

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…All the elements of the detection chain-crystal, photodetector, and readout electronics-should be simultaneously optimized Gundacker et al [11] to achieve a sub-50-ps time resolution. However, given the recent progress in silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) technology and readout electronics [12][13][14][15][16], the scintillator currently represents the main limitation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new method to characterize low stopping power and ultra-fast scintillators using pulsed X-rays

Pagano

Kratochwil²,

Frank³

et al. 2022

Front. Phys.

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The demand for detectors with a time resolution below 100 ps is at the center of research in different fields, from high energy physics to medical imaging. In recent years, interest has grown in nanomaterials that, benefiting from quantum confinement effects, can feature ultra-fast scintillation kinetics and tunable emission. However, standard characterization methods for scintillation properties–relying on radiation sources with an energy range of several hundreds of keV–are not suitable for these materials due to their low stopping power, leading to a slowdown of this R&D line. We present a new method to characterize the time resolution and light output of scintillating materials, using a soft (0–40 keV energy) pulsed X-ray source and optimized high-frequency readout electronics. First, we validated the proposed method using standard scintillators. Then, we also demonstrated the feasibility to measure the time resolution and get an insight into the light output of nanomaterials (InGaN/GaN multi-quantum well and CsPbBr3 perovskite). This technique is, therefore, proposed as a fundamental tool for characterization of nanomaterials and, more in general, of materials with low stopping power to better guide their development. Moreover, it opens the way to new applications where fast X-ray detectors are requested, such as time-of-flight X-ray imaging.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new method to characterize low stopping power and ultra-fast scintillators using pulsed X-rays

Pagano

Kratochwil²,

Frank³

et al. 2022

Front. Phys.

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show abstract

“…The Hamamatsu MPPCs are two-dimensional arrays of Geiger mode avalanche photodiodes (G-APDs) and are more commonly referred to as silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) [10]. The SiPMs are mounted onto eight custom-built front-end circuit boards, each of which houses a 2 × 8 array of SiPMs [11]. Four of the 2 × 8 arrays are mounted to each of two opposite sides of the EJ-204 block so that each side is instrumented by an 8 × 8 array of SiPMs as is shown in figure 3.…”

Section: Detector Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A block of EJ-204 scintillator is instrumented on two sides with an 8 × 8 array of SiPMs, coupled using EJ-560 optical interface pads [8,13]. Each 8 × 8 array is composed of four 2 × 8 arrays that are housed on a custom front-end board that provides bias, readout, amplification, and signal summing [11]. A trigger/bias distribution board provides bias to the 128 SiPMs and RF amplifiers.…”

Section: Detector Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are designed to have minimal electronic crosstalk while also maintaining a high geometric efficiency for photon detection. The device selection and readout board development is described in [11].…”

Section: Jinst 19 T06004mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 7 shows the model described in eq. (3.3) fit to a set of data taken using a single SiPM mounted on a test stand and biased at 58 V [11]. The fitting model also includes an exponentially falling baseline.…”

Section: Jinst 19 T06004mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of a SiPM-based monolithic neutron scatter camera using dark counts

Balajthy,

Brown,

Brubaker

et al. 2024

J. Inst.

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The Single Volume Scatter Camera (SVSC) Collaboration aims to develop portable neutron imaging systems for a variety of applications in nuclear non-proliferation. Conventional double-scatter neutron imagers are composed of several separate detector volumes organized in at least two planes. A neutron must scatter in two of these detector volumes for its initial trajectory to be reconstructed. As such, these systems typically have a large footprint and poor geometric efficiency. We report on the design and characterization of a prototype monolithic neutron scatter camera that is intended to significantly improve upon the geometrical shortcomings of conventional neutron cameras. The detector consists of a 50 mm×56 mm× 60 mm monolithic block of EJ-204 plastic scintillator instrumented on two faces with arrays of 64 Hamamatsu S13360-6075PE silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs). The electronic crosstalk is limited to < 5% between adjacent channels and < 0.1% between all other channel pairs. SiPMs introduce a significantly elevated dark count rate over PMTs, as well as correlated noise from after-pulsing and optical crosstalk. In this article, we characterize the dark count rate and optical crosstalk and present a modified event reconstruction likelihood function that accounts for them. We find that the average dark count rate per SiPM is 4.3 MHz with a standard deviation of 1.5 MHz among devices. The analysis method we employ to measure internal optical crosstalk also naturally yields the mean and width of the single-electron pulse height. We calculate separate contributions to the width of the single-electron pulse-height from electronic noise and avalanche fluctuations. We demonstrate a timing resolution for a single-photon pulse to be (128 ± 4) ps. Finally, coincidence analysis is employed to measure external (pixel-to-pixel) optical crosstalk. We present a map of the average external crosstalk probability between 2×4 groups of SiPMs, as well as the in-situ timing characteristics extracted from the coincidence analysis. Further work is needed to characterize the performance of the camera at reconstructing single- and double-site interactions, as well as image reconstruction.

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Comparative study on gamma-ray detectors for in-situ ocean radiation monitoring system

Lee

Park

Lee

et al. 2023

Applied Radiation and Isotopes

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Front-End Design for SiPM-Based Monolithic Neutron Double Scatter Imagers

Cited by 11 publications

References 17 publications

A new method to characterize low stopping power and ultra-fast scintillators using pulsed X-rays

A new method to characterize low stopping power and ultra-fast scintillators using pulsed X-rays

Characterization of a SiPM-based monolithic neutron scatter camera using dark counts

Comparative study on gamma-ray detectors for in-situ ocean radiation monitoring system

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