Frontex: A Literature Review

Abstract

Frontex is the EU agency in charge of managing the external borders of the European Union. Its budget and tasks have expanded dramatically since it was founded in 2004. Academic attention for Frontex has likewise increased. This article provides an overview of the existing literature on Frontex. In total, 72 articles were selected and analysed. Five dominant themes of research emerged from this review: Frontex’ activities, the agency’s characteristics, its operational effects, the issue of human rights and its position in the EU bureaucracy. Recurring debates and relevant findings in these research strands are reported. In the final section, a research agenda with recommendations for future studies is formulated.

Biopolítica e inmigración: restricciones y profanaciones en el sistema de asilo en España (2019-2023)

“…Dicha reforma estipuló que, entre el periodo 2020 y 2027, se dotará a este sistema con más de diez mil agentes operativos y más capacidad de mandato para vigilar y controlar las fronteras exteriores de la ue y así responder a situaciones de crisis como la vivida en 2015. Además de dar apoyo a los Estados miembros en las operaciones de retorno de personas migrantes en situación irregular y tener más capacidad de decisión respecto a la expulsión de extranjeros (Consejo Europeo, 2022;Kalkman, 2021). Según la Comisión Española de Ayuda al Refugiado (cear, 2021), los criterios y autonomía establecida para esta neofuerza, paralela a las autoridades militares de los Estados, para expulsar del territorio a un inmigrante, está fuertemente vinculada a la criminalización del extranjero.…”

EU Migration-Security Continuum. Investigating Security Frames Before the “Migration Crisis”

“…The significance of Frontex lies in its "double-logic securitisation", reflected in both "exceptionalist" security-and risk-driven practices and discourses (Neal, 2009, p. 337). Its peculiar securitising position can be attributed to a wide scope of activities pertaining to its managerial, intelligence and surveillance prerogatives as well as operational involvement on the external borders of the EU (Kalkman, 2020;Leonard, 2010a, p. 232).…”

Economics of Arms Trade: What Do We Know?

“…Akerman and Larsson Seim 2014;Berryman 2000;Blum 2019;Craft 2000;Dunne and Smith 2016;Khanna and Chapman 2010;Klare 1996;Levine et al 1998; Martinez-Zarzoso and Johanssen 2019;Moore 2010;Pamp et al 2018; Pamp and Turner 2017;Smith and Tasiran 2005;Thurner et al 2019, 2020. 12 Fuhrmann 2008, 2009aSeyoum 2017. …”

“…Fuhrmann 2009b.19 Pamp and Thurner 2017.20 Levine et al 1994. 21 Thurner et al 2019, 2020. 22 Fuhrmann 2009b …”