Frontiers in Preparations and Promising Applications of Mesoporous Polydopamine for Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment

Abstract

Polydopamine (PDA) is a natural melanin derived from marine mussels that has good biocompatibility, biodegradability, and photothermal conversion ability. As a new coating material, it offers a novel way to modify the surface of various substances. The drug loading capacity and encapsulation efficiency of PDA are greatly improved via the use of mesoporous materials. The abundant pore canals on mesoporous polydopamine (MPDA) exhibit a uniquely large surface area, which provides a structural basis for drug delivery. In this review, we systematically summarized the characteristics and manufacturing process of MPDA, introduced its application in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, and discussed the existing problems in its development and clinical application. This comprehensive review will facilitate further research on MPDA in the fields of medicine including cancer therapy, materials science, and biology.

A multimodal therapeutic nano-prodrug as an oxidative stress amplifier induces apoptosis and ferroptosis for cancer therapy

“…28 MPDA, featuring a rich pore structure, good biocompatibility and high photothermal conversion efficiency, has been widely adopted as a drug nanocarrier for PTT-involved synergistic therapy. [29][30][31] Theoretically, the superior photothermal effect of MPDA can improve the sensitivity and reaction activity at the irradiation site, providing an efficient therapeutic window for CT and CDT. 32,33 Besides, many reported DHAnanodrug delivered exogenous iron by directly loading Fe ions or choosing Fe-based materials such as a-Fe 2 O 3 , Fe 3 O 4 , metalorganic frameworks (MOFs) (MIL-101, Fe-TCPP, and ZIF-8).…”

Synergistic Chemo-Photothermal Therapy of Breast Cancer Based on Mesoporous Polydopamine Nanoparticles Decorated with Atovaquone

“…The MPDA NPs were synthesized according to the previously published soft templating assembly method. , MPDA were synthesized with a porous structure (less than 10 nm), and ATO molecules were loaded in the mesopores. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed that MPDA and MPDA-ATO NPs were homogeneous spherical particles with an average diameter of 220 nm.…”

“…To develop therapeutic strategies with high efficiency as well as low toxicity and cost to drastically eliminate breast cancer, we have constructed MPDA as a nanoparticle by using a soft templating assembly method to form a versatile nanoemulsion. 29 The MPDA structure is formed by fully utilizing π−π stacking interactions between PDA structures and the πelectron-rich TMB molecules. 21 The MPDA NPs are rich in aromatic hydrocarbon ring structure, which enables easy modification by chemical drugs or dyes with π−π stacking and/or hydrophobic interactions on the surface, and catechol groups also help the PDA framework interact strongly with aromatic drug molecules through π−π stacking and hydrogen bonding.…”

“…To develop therapeutic strategies with high efficiency as well as low toxicity and cost to drastically eliminate breast cancer, we have constructed MPDA as a nanoparticle by using a soft templating assembly method to form a versatile nanoemulsion . The MPDA structure is formed by fully utilizing π–π stacking interactions between PDA structures and the π-electron-rich TMB molecules .…”

Hollow-polydopamine-nanocarrier-based near-infrared-light/pH-responsive drug delivery system for diffuse alveolar hemorrhage treatment

“…However, pure PDA NPs generally do not have pores, which makes drug loading for tumor treatment difficult ( Ao et al, 2018 ; Wu et al, 2022 ). We hypothesized that the hollow structure of hollow polydopamine (HPDA) NPs with high porosity and specific surface area can remarkably improve the reaction efficiency and drug loading capacity ( Wang et al, 2021 ; Ma et al, 2022b ).…”