Fruit and Vegetables Consumption and Risk of Hypertension: A Meta‐Analysis

Abstract

The association between fruit and vegetables (FVs) consumption and hypertension risk remains controversial. A systematic search was performed in PubMed and the Web of Science for relevant articles published in English or Chinese up to April 2015. A total of 25 studies with 334,468 patients (41,713 cases) were included in the present meta-analysis. When comparing the highest with the lowest consumption, the pooled relative risks of hypertension were 0.812 (95% confidence interval, 0.740-0.890) for FVs, 0.732 (95% confidence interval, 0.621-0.861) for fruit, and 0.970 (95% confidence interval, 0.918-1.024) for vegetables. A significantly inverse association between fruit consumption and hypertension risk was found in studies carried out in Asia (relative risk, 0.70; 95% confidence interval, 0.61-0.79). Influence analysis revealed that no individual study had an excessive influence on the pooled relative risks. The present meta-analysis indicates that FV consumption might be inversely associated with hypertension risk, which still needs to be confirmed by prospective cohort studies.

Prevalence of high blood pressure and associated factors among adolescents and young people in Tanzania and Uganda

“…Daily consumption of at least one serving of fruits/vegetables was associated with decreased odds for high BP. This finding is in agreement with other studies . However, we did not find associations with economic indicators and most of other behavioral factors, despite being established risk factors to high BP.…”

“…The prevalence of high BP increased across age groups among males ( Figure 2). The overall prevalence of pre-hypertension was 29% (95% CI: [26][27][28][29][30][31]) and that of hypertension was 11% (95% CI: 10-13). The prevalence of pre-hypertension among adolescents (12-19 years old) was 24% (95% CI: [22][23][24][25][26][27] and that of young adults (20-24 years old) was 38% (95% CI:…”

“…Using data from both countries (n = 1596), the overall prevalence of high BP was 40% (95% CI: 37-42). The prevalence of pre-hypertension was 29% (95% CI: [26][27][28][29][30][31] and that of hypertension was 11% (95% CI: 10-13). High BP was independently associated with obesity (aOR = 6.7, 95% CI: 2.2-20.0), male sex (aOR = 3.2, 95% CI: 2.4-4.4), and among males aged above 20 years (aOR = 5.5, 95% CI: 2.9−10.5).…”

Diet-Induced Low-Grade Metabolic Acidosis and Clinical Outcomes: A Review

“…Furthermore, it has been suggested that intracellular potassium reduction is compensated for by elevated sodium levels and, as a consequence, blood pressure elevation [87]. In this context, studies have showed that a higher intake of fruit, vegetables [88,89,90], and some specific nutrients (i.e., potassium and magnesium) [91,92,93] are associated with a lower hypertension risk. However, there are no studies evaluating the effect of specific dietary interventions correcting low-grade metabolic acidosis on the hypertension risk.…”

Changes in diet quality during a 12 month weight loss randomised controlled trial

“…In this study all groups were encouraged to reduce discretionary foods and it appears this advice was followed. A significant finding, however, was that the addition of walnuts in the IW group appeared to aid in increased consumption of vegetables, low fat milk and yoghurt, and less protein rich foods than the I and C groups, which may in itself have advantages [82][83][84][85].…”