FT-IR Spectroscopy Based Evaluation of Changes in Primary Metabolites of Amsonia orientalis after <i>In vitro</i> 6-benzylaminopurine Treatment

Abstract

Amsonia orientalis Decne. (syn. Rhazya orientalis (Decne.) A. DC.) is only cultivated as an ornamental plant but also has a medicinal merit. The natural populations of the species were taken under conservation as per the Bern Convention by European Council. As one of the most common plant growth regulators and synthetic agricultural fertilizers, the effects of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) at different concentrations on primary metabolites of in vitro propagated A. orientalis have been investigated by using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Among all applied concentrations, 2.0 mg l -1 BAP resulted in increment of hydrogen bonded polysaccharide and proteins concentrations, lipid structure and membrane fluidity. Treatments of 2.0 and 4.0 mg l -1 BAP increased the existence of ferulic acid which also indicates the linkage of xylan and both cellulose and hemicellulose content. There was a significant decrease in the area of the peak which indicated the C=O stretching of proteins and pectins for 0.5 and 1.0 mg l -1 BAP while there was a significant increase for 2.0 and 4.0 mg l -1 of BAP treatments. The evaluation of molecular data from FT-IR spectroscopy as in the current study might help to estimate different physiological changes at the molecular level in plants depending on plant growth regulator and/or fertilizer applications. Thus, this FT-IR based method can be applied to in vitro propagation studies and also to studies focused on effects of pesticide and/or herbicide applications on plants to understand the metabolic changes in target species.

FTIR‐based comparative analysis of glucomannan contents in some tuberous orchids, and effects of pre‐processing on glucomannan measurement

“…However, it must be borne in mind that in addition to GM, tuber samples also contain other molecules such as proteins, water, starch and other nitrogenous substances like ash, all of which can also contribute to the modes associated with GM . For example, carbohydrates, proteins, phospholipids and cell wall polysaccharides also give absorptions at around 3390, 1640, 1740, and 1240 and 1025 cm −1 , respectively …”

“…These high‐temperature processes may affect the mannosidic and/or glycosidic linkages in GM polymers, which in turn may make GM content estimation inconsistent. We hypothesize that Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy may offer a valuable confirmative technique, since it has high sensitivity in detecting changes in the functional groups belonging to plant tissue components, such as carbohydrates and proteins, simultaneously . To test this hypothesis, we first collected tubers of various orchid species and analyzed their GM contents by using a well‐known enzymatic colorimetric assay, before and after a pre‐processing step.…”

Developmental and biochemical analyses of in vitro drought stress response in ornamental European Bluestar (Amsonia orientalis Decne.)

“…The species is also known as "European Bluestar" because of its navy-blue flowers. Unlike its limited natural distribution area covering the northwest of Turkey and the northeast of Greece, the species is cultivated in many gardens, mostly in Europe and the United States, for ornamental purposes (Acemi et al, 2016). Although the species has been listed by the European Council (Bern Convention, 1979) as one of the plant species that must be conserved on a European scale, it was declared that the natural distribution of the species in Turkey had decreased to cover only 10 km 2 in the Balıkesir province (Gürkanlı et al, 2014).…”

Emergence of Plastidial Intergenic Spacers as Suitable DNA Barcodes for Arid Medicinal Plant &lt;i&gt;Rhazya stricta&lt;/i&gt;

“…The genus Rhazya includes only two species, Rhazya stricta and Rhazya orientalis (syn. Amsonia orientalis) [2] and both of these are unambiguously distributed, as the natural habitats of R. stricta are the coastlines and arid regions of Arabian Peninsula and the Indian subcontinent [3] while those of R. orientalis are northwest Turkey and northeast Greece [4]. But these two sister species exhibit similarity in possessing therapeutically significant secondary metabolites.…”