FTIR Analysis for Quantification of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters in Biodiesel Produced by Microwave-Assisted Transesterification

Rabelo, Sabrina Nogueira; Ferraz, Vany; Oliveira, Leandro S.; Franca, Adriana S.

doi:10.7763/ijesd.2015.v6.730

Cited by 143 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…The FTIR spectra of the anion-exchange catalyst before and after experiments are presented ( Figure 2E). The biodiesel characteristic bands at 1,744, 1,450, and 1,170 cm −1 corresponding to the C=O ester bonds stretching, to the asymmetric stretching of -CH3 and O-CH3 respectively were detected at the surface of the hybrid materials (Rabelo et al, 2015). The coating of ion-exchange resin catalyst was, therefore, able to swell upon absorption of the reaction mixture and catalyze some of the TGs into MEs.…”

Section: Results and Discussion Electrode Materials Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 89%

Electro-Catalytic Biodiesel Production from Canola Oil in Methanolic and Ethanolic Solutions with Low-Cost Stainless Steel and Hybrid Ion-Exchange Resin Grafted Electrodes

et al. 2017

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Biodiesel is a growing alternative to petroleum fuels and is produced by the catalyzed transesterification of fats in presence of an alcohol base. Transesterification processes using homogeneous catalysts are considered to be among the most efficient methods but rely on the feedstock quality and low water content in order to avoid undesirable saponification reactions. In this work, the electro-catalytic conversion of canola oil to biodiesel in a 1% aqueous methanolic and ethanolic reaction mixture was performed without the addition of external catalyst or cosolvent. An inexpensive stainless steel (SS) electrode and a hybrid SS electrode coated with an ion-exchange resin catalyst were used as cathode materials while the anode was composed of a plain carbon paper. The cell voltages were varied from 10 to 40 V and the reaction temperature maintained at 20 or 40°C. The canola oil conversion rates were found to be superior at 40°C without saponification reactions for cell voltages below 30 V. The conversion rates were as high as 87% for the hybrid electrode and 81% for the plain SS electrode. This work could inspire new process development for the conversion of high water content feedstock for the production of second-generation biodiesel.

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Section: Results and Discussion Electrode Materials Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 89%

Electro-Catalytic Biodiesel Production from Canola Oil in Methanolic and Ethanolic Solutions with Low-Cost Stainless Steel and Hybrid Ion-Exchange Resin Grafted Electrodes

et al. 2017

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“…Aryl and α,β-unsaturated structures cause its slight shift towards lower wavenumber values (1,715-1,730 cm -1 , [39]). C-O stretching vibrations lead to the appearance of a broad 1,100-1,300 cm -1 band, which can also be observed in the spectra of ethers, acids, and alcohols [7,24,39]. The methyl esters of long-chain fatty acids exhibit three absorption bands: 1,250, 1,205, and 1,175 cm -1 [24,40].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…C-O stretching vibrations lead to the appearance of a broad 1,100-1,300 cm -1 band, which can also be observed in the spectra of ethers, acids, and alcohols [7,24,39]. The methyl esters of long-chain fatty acids exhibit three absorption bands: 1,250, 1,205, and 1,175 cm -1 [24,40]. The band at 1,175 cm -1 in this range is most visible in the FAME spectrum.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The C=O absorption band of saturated aliphatic esters is in the range of 1,735-1,750 cm -1 [24,[38][39]. Aryl and α,β-unsaturated structures cause its slight shift towards lower wavenumber values (1,715-1,730 cm -1 , [39]).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the presence of solid substances in the products and water contained in the fried products or introduced through washing may constitute a problem. The fatty acid [23][24] profile and the composition of free fatty acids contained in the raw materials exert an effect on the physicochemical properties of produced biofuels. Water, impurities [25][26], and unsaponifiable matter reduce the yield of the transesterification reaction and, consequently, the quality of the biofuel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spectroscopic Studies of the Quality of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters Derived from Waste Cooking Oil

Matwijczuk¹,

Zając²,

Kowalski³

et al. 2017

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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Biodiesel is a very attractive, biodegradable, renewable, and virtually nontoxic form of fuel. It is derived through base-catalysed transesterification of vegetable oils or animal fats. Analysis of biodiesel has become relevant, since the higher quality of the fuel is a key factor in commercialisation and market acceptance. The analytical methods employed are being constantly improved to meet this requirement. The most popular techniques for analysis of biodiesel include mainly chromatography and molecular spectroscopy. FTIR infrared spectroscopy is one of the most important spectroscopic techniques.The article presents the results of UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and FTIR infrared spectroscopy analysis employed for investigating methyl esters of higher fatty acids obtained with laboratory methods from selected sunflower and rapeseed oils and waste animal fats provided by a slaughterhouse. Commercial methyl esters were included in the analyses for comparison. In all samples, the contents of free glycerol, methanol, esters, and linolenic acid methyl ester in FAME were determined mainly to facilitate the spectroscopic analysis. The results of the investigations conducted with the aforementioned methods clearly indicate that the analysed WCO esters can be successfully used as potential industrial-scale biofuels.

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Analysis of the Content of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters in Biodiesel by Fourier‐Transform Infrared Spectroscopy: Method and Comparison with Gas Chromatography

Torres

Fuentes

Rodríguez

et al. 2020

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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The increasing importance of sustainability in energy production has led to a global commitment to the use of fuels derived from renewable biological sources, such as biodiesel produced from plant crops or biomass residues, that do not compete with human food for their production. For a biofuel to be considered biodiesel, it must satisfy the specifications described in the UNE 14214, with the UNE‐EN 14103 referring to the determination of fatty acid methyl ester content. This standard applies gas chromatography as an analytical technique. Gas chromatography is a widely used technique in the analysis of methyl ester although it has a number of drawbacks such as: long analysis times, a high consumption of high‐quality gases and internal standards, does not allow the analysis of different compounds with the same column, etc. From an industrial production point of view, is necessary to know the fatty acid methyl ester content in biodiesel samples quickly. This paper studies the development of an analytical method using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) as alternative to gas chromatography (GC), since it is a simple, rapid, and precise analytical technique to quantify fatty acid methyl ester content in biofuel samples.

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FTIR Analysis for Quantification of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters in Biodiesel Produced by Microwave-Assisted Transesterification

Cited by 143 publications

References 14 publications

Electro-Catalytic Biodiesel Production from Canola Oil in Methanolic and Ethanolic Solutions with Low-Cost Stainless Steel and Hybrid Ion-Exchange Resin Grafted Electrodes

Electro-Catalytic Biodiesel Production from Canola Oil in Methanolic and Ethanolic Solutions with Low-Cost Stainless Steel and Hybrid Ion-Exchange Resin Grafted Electrodes

Spectroscopic Studies of the Quality of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters Derived from Waste Cooking Oil

Analysis of the Content of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters in Biodiesel by Fourier‐Transform Infrared Spectroscopy: Method and Comparison with Gas Chromatography

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